Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

The Adsorption of Methanol Vapors on Silica Gel Si-100 and Its Surface Containing Different Concentrations of Chemically Bonded Fluoride Ions

Synthesis of two types Si-100 silica gel with different concentrations of chemically bonded surface fluoride ions (2 and 4 μmol m⁻² ) was performed. Using gravimetric methods, adsorption isotherms of methanol as a function of its pressure in gas phase were measured for these adsorbents. It was found the strong surface deactivation of silica gel in relation to methanol with the increase of bonded fluoride ions concentration. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Studies of Benzene Adsorption Layers on Silica Gels by Thermal Analysis and McBain Balance Methods

The Q-TG mass loss and first derivative Q-DTG mass loss accompanying benzene thermodesorption from silica gel samples under quasi-isothermal conditions were studied with a Derivatograph Q-1500 D (MOM, Hungary). The isotherms of adsorption-desorption of benzene vapour on different porous silica gels were measured gravimetrically by using a McBain balance. The benzene mass loss in the adsorption region, obtained from the Q-TG curves, and the adsorption capacity, established gravimetrically, exhibited a satisfactory correlation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Gravimetrically Measured Isotherms of Adsorption of Benzene,n-hexane and Cyclohexene on Different Porous Silica Gels

The isotherms of adsorption-desorption of the vapour of benzene, cyclohexene and n-hexane on different porous silica gels were measured gravimetrically. For all the adsorbates, the amount of vapour condensed in the adsorbent pores is significantly greater than the amount adsorbed. The isotherms of all the adsorbates are linear in a wide range of relative pressures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Correlated electromigration of H in the switchable mirror YH(3-delta)

Electromigration of hydrogen in YH(3-delta) is studied by exploiting the H concentration dependence of the optical transmission of YH(3-delta). We find the effective valence Z* of H in YH(3-delta) to be negative. Its value is dominated by a huge wind-force-like term, i.e., Z* approximately K/rho, with K approximately -60 mOmega cm. This value is 3 orders of magnitude larger than typical for H in metals. In an Arrhenius plot, the ratio of hydrogen and electron fluxes extrapolates to unity at infinite temperature, suggesting a one-to-one correlation of hydrogen and electron hopping. We discuss our results in the light of strong electron correlation theories which predict each proton to bind two electrons in a sort of Zhang-Rice singlet.     

Adsorption of Methanol From the Liquid Mobile Phase on the Column Packing Surface

The adsorption isotherms of methanol in water solutions which were used as mobile phase in RP HPLC on adsorbents modified with dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane were measured. On the basis of these isotherms the chemical composition of the stationary phase as a function of the mobile phase concentration was determined. The influence of both those phases on retention factors k′ of alkyl derivatives of benzene was discussed. It was stated that k′ of benzene and its derivatives decreases with the various rate together with the increase of the methanol concentration in both phases. Quotient of volume coefficient corresponding to a unit of adsorbed methanol (logk′/n^s _Me) decreases linearly. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Automatic Artefact Removal from Event-related Potentials via Clustering

This paper outlines a method for automatic artefact removal from multichannel recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs). The proposed method is based on, firstly, separation of the ERP recordings into independent components using the method of temporal decorrelation source separation (TDSEP). Secondly, the novel lagged auto-mutual information clustering (LAMIC) algorithm is used to cluster the estimated components, together with ocular reference signals, into clusters corresponding to cerebral and non-cerebral activity. Thirdly, the components in the cluster which contains the ocular reference signals are discarded. The remaining components are then recombined to reconstruct the clean ERPs.