Vertical migration of 85Sr, 137Cs and 131I in various arable and undisturbed soils

The vertical migration of ⁸⁵Sr, ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³¹I in some arable and undisturbed single-contaminated soils was studied by gamma-spectrometry measurements under lysimetric laboratory conditions during irrigation of the soil profiles with wet atmospheric precipitation for about one year, except ¹³¹I. A new simple exponential compartment (box) model was derived, which makes it possible to calculate the migration rate constants and migration rates in the individual soil layers (vertical sections) as well as the total vertical migration rate constants and total vertical migration rates of radionuclides in the bulk soil horizon. The relaxation times of radionuclides in respective soil horizons can also be evaluated.     

Collective bounce-off phenomenon in139La+Ag(Br) reaction at 1.1 A GeV energy

Out of a total statistics of 896¹³⁹La+Ag(Br) interactions, 128 interactions having multiplicity of target fragments (Z⩾1)⩾8 and projectile fragments (Z⩾2)⩾4 have been selected. They correspond to quasi-peripheral interactions. Azimuthal angle correlation between sources of target fragments (TFs) and projectile fragments (PFs) shows the existence of bounce-off effect. Using data of La+Ag(Br) and⁸⁴Kr+Ag(Br) reactions it is shown that individual helium [Z=2, PFs] and heavier fragment [Z⩾3, PFs] show different emission characteristics. Further, a two prong correlation functionT(Φ _ij ) plotted for heavier fragments and helium fragments separately, indicates the possibility of existence of different physical conditions. This observation is supported by the different momentum widths of helium fragments and heavier fragments. From the momentum width data of Kr+Ag(Br) reactions normalized density comes out to be ≈4.7. Using quasi-elastic kinematics for the bounce-off nuclei, the excitation energy has been computed from the experimental data of flow angles. The strength of bounce-off seems to decrease with the increase of excitation energy or temperature.     

Enumeration of minimal cutsets from matrix representation of directed/undirected networks

This paper describes an algorithm for finding the minimal cutsets between a specified source and terminal nodes of directed/undirected networks. Adjacent nodes of a source node/merged node are determined by the collection of node numbers of columns corresponding to non-zero elements of the first row of the adjacency matrix to form the reduced adjacency matrix (RAM) corresponding to merged nodes. Connectivity of RAM has been checked to obtain the minimal cutsets.     

Excess enthalpies of mixing tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran with some chloroalkanes at 26.9°C

Excess enthalpies of mixing H _m ^E of tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran with trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane have been determined at 26.9°C and are found to be negative over the entire composition range for both sets of the ether mixtures. H _m ^E decreases in the sequence; dichloroethane > tetrachloromethane > trichloroethane > trichloromethane > tetrachloroethane. The results are explained on the basis of strong O...H-C and weak Cl...O specific interactions. Flory's theory has been used to correlate the experimental data with good agreement found between the theoretical and experimental values of H _m ^E .     

MITATT mode in DDR heterostructure Impatt

Large signal characterisation of double heterostructure DDR Impatt diode has been carried out in the millimeter-wave range considering the MITATT mode of operation. The structure of the device is p⁺-p₂-p₁-n₁-n₂-n⁺ where impact ionisation and tunneling takes place in the p₁-n₁ region. In this study we have considered two well-known heterostructures, e.g., InP/GaInAs/InP and InP/InGaAsP/InP and one nonconventional structure GaAs/InP/GaAs. The theoretical results of the performances of these devices as regards of output power, efficiency, and negative conductance revealed that the structures are quite promising as the source of power in the millimeter-wave range. The analysis may be used for other mm wave DDR heterostructure Impatts.     

Working group report: Flavor physics and model building

This is the report of flavor physics and model building working group at WHEPP-9. While activites in flavor physics have been mainly focused on B-physics, those in model building have been primarily devoted to neutrino physics. We present summary of working group discussions carried out during the workshop in the above fields, and also briefly review the progress made in some projects subsequently.     

Bianchi type-V model with a perfect fluid and A-term

A self-consistent system of gravitational field with a binary mixture of perfect fluid and dark energy given by a cosmological constant has been considered in Bianchi Type-V universe. The perfect fluid is chosen to be obeying either the equation of state p=γρ with γ ε |0,1| or a van der Waals equation of state. The role of A-term in the evolution of the Bianchi Type-V universe has been studied.     

Mössbauer hyperfine interactions in natural wolframites

Powdered samples of Indian Natural Wolframites, (Fe_xMn_1?x) WO₄ with x=0.95 to 0.41, obtained from seven different locations of two quartz-wolframite deposits of Degana and Sirohi in Rajasthan, have been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy down to 20K and magnetic susceptibility down to 77K. The Mössbauer spectra from 300K to 30K clearly indicate multiple sites which is at variance with the reported work. Below 50K a weak magnetic interaction with H_int～45Koe is observed. The spectra above transition temperature are resolved in three doublets and explained on the basis of reported crystal structure. The values of isomer shift, quadrupole splitting and magnetic hyperfine field have been attributed to high spin ferrous ions with octahedral symmetry. Relatively small value of Q.S. (～1.5 mm/sec. at 300K) indicate a strong contribution of the lattice term to the electric field gradient.     

A highly selective and sensitive thorium(IV) PVC membrane electrode based on a dithio-tetraaza macrocyclic compound.

A poly(vinyl chloride)-based membrane composed of dithio-tetraaza macrocyclic compound as a neutral carrier with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) as an anion excluder and nitrobenzene (NB) as plasticizer was prepared and investigated as a Th(IV)-selective electrode. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian slope of 14.2 +/- 0.3 mV per decade over a wide concentration range (1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-1) M) with a detection limit of 8.0 x 10(-7) M between pH 3.5 and 9.5. The response time of the sensor is about 10 s and it can be used over a period of 5 months without any divergence in potential. The proposed membrane sensor revealed a good selectivity for Th(IV) over a wide variety of other metal ions and proved to be a better electrode in many respects than those reported in the literature. It was successfully applied as an electrode indicator as well as in the direct determination of thorium ions in standard and real samples.