互穿网络型二阶非线性光学极化聚合物

报导了二阶非线性光学材料含对硝基苯偶氮苯烷基胺发色基团的聚氨酯和聚丙烯酸酯的互窗网络聚合物的合成和极化工艺，考察了微观形态，用电致色变法测定了其极化膜发色基团的取向度及取向的热稳定性，其二阶非线性光学系数ｘ＾（２）可达１０＾－７ｅｓｕ量级。该互穿网络聚合物极化膜有良好的光学性质和优异的热稳定性，在１２０℃温度下序参数可长期保持稳定。     

On the Criteria of Instability for Electrochemical Systems

Both cyclic-voltammetry-based and impedance-based experimental criteria that have been developed recently for the oscillatory electrochemical systems are critically appraised with two typical categories of oscillators.Consistent conclusions can be drawn by the two criteria for the category of oscillators that involve the coupling of charge transfer mainly with surface steps(e.g.ad-and desorption)such as in the electrooxidation of C1 organic molecules.Whereas,impedance-based criterion is not applicable to the category of oscillators that involve the coupling of charge transfer mainly with mass transfer(e.g.diffusion and convection) such as in the Fe(CN)6^3- reduction accompanying periodic hydrogen evolution.The reason is that the negative impedance cannot include the feedback information of convection mass transfer induced by the hydrogen evolution.However,both positive and negative nonlinear feedbacks,i.e., the diffusion-limited depletion and convection-enhanced replenishment of the Fe(CN)6^3- surface concentration,that coexist between the bistability,i.e.,Fe(CN)6^3- reduction with and without hydrogen evolution at lower and higher potential sides respectively,are all reflected in the crossed cyclic voltammogram(CCV).It can be concluded that the voltammetry-based criterion(in time domain)is more intuitive,less time-consuming and has a wider range of applications than the impedancebased one (in frequency domain).     

Fast projection onto the ordered weighted ℓ1 norm ball

In this paper,we provide a finitely terminated yet efficient approach to compute the Euclidean projection onto the ordered weighted?₁(OWL1)norm ball.In particular,an efficient semismooth Newton method is proposed for solving the dual of a reformulation of the original projection problem.Global and local quadratic convergence results,as well as the finite termination property,of the algorithm are proved.Numerical comparisons with the two best-known methods demonstrate the efficiency of our method.In addition,we derive the generalized Jacobian of the studied projector which,we believe,is crucial for the future designing of fast second-order nonsmooth methods for solving general OWL1 norm constrained problems.     

退火工艺对HgCdTe材料位错密度及电学性能影响的研究

实验分别采用高低温退火和循环变温退火方式对液相外延生长的HgCdTe材料进行饱和汞压热处理,研究了两种热处理工艺对碲镉汞材料位错密度及电学性能的影响。结果表明：相较于高低温退火,经循环变温退火后HgCdTe材料的位错密度有了明显的降低,并且材料的迁移率有了显著的提升。研究发现循环变温退火是一种较好提升HgCdTe材料性能的热处理方法。     

Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor Over 86% via Surface Modification of the Nickel Oxide Hole Contact

The poor interface quality between nickel oxide (NiO_x) and halide perovskites limits the performance and stability of NiO_x-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here a reactive surface modification approach based on the in situ decomposition of urea on the NiO_x surface is reported. The pyrolysis of urea can reduce the high-valence state of nickel and replace the adsorbed hydroxyl group with isocyanate. Combining theoretical and experimental analyses, the treated NiO_x films present suppressed surface states and improved transport energy level alignment with the halide perovskite absorber. With this strategy, NiO_x-based PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.61% and a fill factor of over 86%. The device's efficiency remains above 90% after 2000 h of thermal aging at 85 °C. Furthermore, perovskite solar modules achieve PCE values of 18.97% and 17.18% for areas of 16 and 196 cm², respectively.     

A Low-Hysteresis and Highly Stretchable Ionogel Enabled by Well Dispersed Slidable Cross-Linker for Rapid Human-Machine Interaction

Ionic conductive soft materials for mimicking human skin are a promising topic since they can be thought of as a possible basis for biomimetic sensing. In pursuit of devices with a long working range and low signal delay, conductive materials with low hysteresis and good stretchability are highly demanded. To overcome the challenges of highly stretchable conductive materials with good resilience, herein a chemical design is proposed where polyrotaxanes act as topological cross-linkers to enhance the stretchability by sliding-induced reduced stress concentration while the compatible ionic liquid is introduced as a dispersant for low hysteresis. The obtained ionogels exhibit versatile properties more than low hysteresis (residual strain = 7%) and good stretchability (550%), and also anti-fatigue, biocompatibility, and good adhesion. The low hysteresis is attributed to lower energy dissipation from the well-dispersed polyrotaxanes by compatible ionic liquids. The mechanism provides a new insight in fabricating highly stretchable and low-hysteresis slide-ring materials. Furthermore, the conductivity of the ionogels and their responses to strains and temperatures are measured. Benefiting from the good conductivity and low hysteresis, the ionogel is applied to develop a wireless communication system to realize rapid human-machine interactions.     

Ultra-low dark count InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche diode

A low noise InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is demonstrated. The device is based on planar type separate absorption, grading, charge and multiplication structure. Relying on reasonably designed device structure and low-damage Zn diffusion technology, excellent low-noise performance is achieved. Due to its importance, the physical mechanism of dark count is analyzed through performance characterization at different temperatures. The device can achieve 20% single photon detection efficiency and 320 Hz dark count rate (DCR) with a low after pulsing probability of 0.57% at 233 K.     

一种多塔中波天线的设计与仿真

占地面积大、征地成本高、场地限制不好布设等问题一直严重制约中波天线的建设。 为了减少中波天线占地面积,提高铁塔的利用率,对天线布局和天馈网络进行优化设计,研究双频共塔匹配网络、阻塞网络和共址多塔天线辐射特性,给出三塔六频率的解决方案。最后,通过仿真论证,给出对应的网络、天线几何结构和辐射性能参数。     

离子色谱在元器件腐蚀失效分析中的应用研究

电子元器件在应用过程中经常出现污染腐蚀失效,查找引起失效的污染、腐蚀源是分析技术的关键。本工作通过几种不同类别电子产品失效分析案例,研究了离子色谱检测(IC)在板面残留、工艺辅料、产品包封料、环境异物中污染腐蚀源的检验和分析方法,并与传统的形貌观察、绝缘阻抗测试、EDS成分分析、红外光谱分析的结果进行综合对比和验证。明确了离子色谱检验方法在电子元器件腐蚀失效分析中的应用场景、取样方法和结果分析方法,为离子色谱在电子元器件腐蚀失效预防中的工程应用提供指导和借鉴。