On optimal threshold and structure in threshold system based detector

Threshold systems are widely used in nonlinear signal detection. The optimal threshold and the optimal structure are crucial to obtain good performance. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to estimate optimal threshold in a threshold system based detector (TD). In addition, we investigate the structural issue of TD and propose a technique to determine the optimal structure. An optimal threshold detector is then implemented based on the optimal structure with the optimal threshold(s). Experiments show that the proposed optimal TD can be fairly compared to the optimal detection with much easier implementation and much less computational complexity.     

Pt Dopant: Controlling the Ir Oxidation States toward Efficient and Durable Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media

Dissolution of Ir oxides in Ir‐based catalysts, which is closely linked to the catalyst activity and stability toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media, is a critical unresolved problem in the commercialization of water electrolysis. Doping foreign elements into the Ir oxides can accomplish an optimal combination of Ir oxidation states that is conducive to the leaching‐resistance of active catalytic sites. Here, it is reported that Pt doping into IrO_x‐based nanoframe is beneficial in both terms of activity and stability. The Pt‐doped IrO_x‐based nanoframe achieves the mass activity of 0.644 A mg^?1_Ir+Pt at 1.53 V_RHE, which is 15‐fold higher than that of the commercial IrO₂. During the accelerated durability test, the Ir^IV‐to‐Ir^III ratio of 5 is maintained in the presence of Pt dopant to effectively mitigate the degradation of Ir catalyst, leading to the superb catalyst durability in acidic media.     

Investigation of the reactions of 2-hydrazino-benzimidazoles with β-diketones: Synthesis of 2-(3,5-disubstituted- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzimidazoles

Reaction of 2-hydrazinobenzimidazoles with β-diketones in neutral and acidic media revealed that 2-(3,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrazol-1-yi)benzimidazoles are formed in the former case, whereas hydrazones are obtained in acidic medium. Further the alkylation of > NH of the title compound was investigated. Characterisation of these products have been done by elemental analysis, ir, pmr, ¹⁹F nmr, ¹³C nmr and mass spectral studies.     

Ergodic control of multidimensional diffusions,II: Adaptive control

The self-tuning scheme for the adaptive control of a diffusion process is studied with long-run average cost criterion and maximum likelihood estimation of parameters. Asymptotic optimality under a suitable identifiability condition is established under two alternative sets of hypotheses—a Lyapunov-type stability criterion and a condition on cost which penalizes instability.     

A Stochastic Differential Game in the Orthrant

We study a zero-sum stochastic differential game in the nonnegative orthrant. The state of the system is governed by controlled reflecting diffusions in the nonnegative orthrant. We consider discounted and average payoff evaluation criteria. We prove the existence of values and optimal strategies for both payoff criteria.     

An XRD characterization of the thermal degradation of polyacrylonitrile

Thermal degradation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) has been studied by combined differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and XRD analysis. On the basis of the experimental observations, it has been suggested that the intramolecular polymerization of nitrile groups to a conjugated polyimine structure is initially limited to only the amorphous zone of PAN, which involves little evolution of off-gases. Polymerization of nitrile group in the crystalline zone starts with the melting of crystallites with the evolution of off-gases from the amorphous-crystalline zone interface. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A novel dimerisation of 3-benzoyl 4-phenylisocrotonic acid

The acid catalized self condensation of 3-benzoyl-4-pbenylisocrotonicacid is described.     

Studies directed towards the total synthesis of clavosolides: synthesis of an isomer of clavosolide A

The total synthesis of clavosolide A, employing a radical-mediated route to build its substituted tetrahydropyran unit, a Yamaguchi reaction to construct the diolide aglycon and the Schmidt method for the final glycosidation step, revealed that the reported structure is an isomer of the natural product.     

β-Alkoxycarbonyl Alkyl Tin Chelates 2. Dithizonates – Preparation and Spectroscopic Studies

Dithizone forms stable complexes with β-alkoxycarbonyl ethyl tin chlorides (the so called “Estertins” – a unique class of PVC stabilizer). Reduction of Lewis acidity of the resulting organotin chloride can improve the efficiency of a stabilizer and therefore the β-alkoxycarbonyl ethyl tin dithizonates are likely to show PVC stabilization property. A number of β-alkoxycarbonyl ethyl tin dithizonates of the types R₂SnL₂, R₂SnLX, and RSnL₂X where R = CH₃OCOCH₂CH₂–, C₄H₉OCOCH₂CH₂–, and CH₃OCOCH(CH₃)CH₂–; X = Cl, SCN and L = Dithizone (i. e. 1,5-diphenyl thiocarbazone) and one complex (CH₃OCOCH₂CH₂)₂SnL′Cl where L′ = Diphenylcarbazone have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic, IR and PMR spectral data. Possible structural features of the isolated complexes have also been discussed. Preliminary evaluation of the complex (CH₃OCOCH₂CH₂)₂Sn(HDz)₂ as a PVC stabilizer has also been reported.