A Joint Evaluation of Energy-Efficient Downlink Scheduling and Partial CQI Feedback for LTE Video Transmission

A green cellular technology is proposed to optimize the energy and spectrum resources. Such optimization will require perfect channel state information at the transmitting base station. However, reporting the channel status of the entire bandwidth requires huge undesirable feedback overhead. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to optimize the energy and bandwidth resources while maintaining quality-of-service at the downlink when a partial feedback is considered. In this paper, a modified downlink scheduler based on a Packet Prediction Mechanism (PPM) is conducted at the eNodeB to optimize the energy and spectrum resources. On the user equipment side, a partial channel feedback scheme based on an adaptive feedback threshold is developed. A primary concern of this feedback scheme is to reduce the uplink signaling overhead without a substantial loss in downlink performances. Finally, the downlink packet scheduling and the partial feedback are jointly evaluated to further enhance the system performance. Based on a system-level simulation results, the proposed energy-efficient scheduling with partial feedback has achieved an improvement in EE of up to 79% compared to the PPM scheduler. Besides, it minimizes the degradation caused by the partial channel quality indicator feedback. Thus, the proposed two-sided algorithm gives the best tradeoff between uplink and downlink performances.     

New Closed-Form Formula for Series Inductance and Shunt Capacitance Based on Measured TDR Impedance Profile

Time domain reflectometry has been widely used to characterize high speed interconnects. The equivalent lumped LC model is then developed based on the measured impedance profile (Z-profile). However, for discrete L or C, mounted in the middle of transmission line interconnects, the current formula based on Z-profile cannot provide correct results. In this letter, a new closed-form formula based on the Z-profile is derived to determine the lumped L or C with the rise time of the incident step taken into account, which is easy to integrate into any EDA tools.     

Manganese(II) catalyzed periodate oxidation of a ternary dipicolinatochromium(III) complex with iminodiacetate as co-ligand: mechanistic and kinetic study

The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of [Cr^III(DPA)(IDA)(H₂O)]^? (DPA = dipicolinate and IDA = iminodiacetate) by periodate in the presence of Mn(II) as a catalyst have been investigated. The rate of the reaction increases with increasing pH, due to the deprotonation equilibria of the complex. Addition of Mn(II) in the concentration range of (2.5–10) × 10^?6 mol dm^?3 enhanced the reaction rate; the reaction is first order with respect to both [IO₄ ^?] and the Cr complex, and obeys the following rate law: \( {\text{Rate}} = [ {\text{Cr}}^{\text{III}} ({\text{DPA}})({\text{IDA}})({\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}})^{ - } ][{\text{Mn}}^{\text{III}} ]\{ (k_{7} + K_{1} k_{8} /[{\text{H}}^{ + } ]) + [{\text{I}}^{\text{VII}} ]((k_{9} k_{11} /k_{ - 9} + k_{11} ) + (K_{1} k_{10} k_{12} )/(k_{ - 10} + k_{12} )[{\text{H}}^{ + } ])\} . \) Catalysis by Mn(II) is believed to be due to initial oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III), which acts as the oxidizing agent. It is proposed that electron transfer proceeds through an inner-sphere mechanism via coordination of IO₄ ^? to Cr(III). Thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated using the transition state theory equation.     

Über die dilatometrisch indizierten Titrationen

The change of the volume caused by adsorption of a fatty acid (e.g. acetic acid, propionic acid) on activated coal is continuously controlled by means of a dilatometrical titration. According to the adsorption isothermes the formation of a mono- and then a dimolecular adsorption layer can be shown. In high concentrated fatty acid a stronger covering of the surface of the adsorbent occurs. A quantitative calculating gives also—with the help of potentiometry—informations about the specific surface area, pore volume and pore radius of the activated coal used.     

Extraction of network parameters in the electromagnetic analysis ofplanar structures using the method of moments

Integration of electromagnetic (EM) and circuit analyses for the modeling of spatially distributed microwave and millimeter-wave circuits requires the establishment of ports that are defined in both the circuit and EM realms. Four EM techniques are developed here and contrasted for the extraction of the port network parameters at circuit compatible ports. A full-wave method of-moments EM analysis directly yielding network parameters of a slot-stripline-slot structure is formulated     

The complex dielectric constant of Iraqi soils as a function ofwater content and texture

Measurements of the complex dielectric constant ϵ of several soil samples have been carried out at 10 GHz as a function of moisture content W_c and particle-size distribution (PSD). Measurements performed on the moist samples showed a strong dependence on the PSD. At a particular moisture value, both real and imaginary terms of ϵ are found to be directly proportional to the sand content and inversely proportional to the clay content of the samples. An empirical model based on the PSD and the individual samples of W _c is developed using the least-square technique     

The chemistry of formamide acetals

The formamide acetals enter into two main categories of reactions, namely alkylation and formylation. As alkylating agents, they have been used in the synthesis of esters from acids, ethers and thioethers from phenols and aromatic and heterocyclic thiols, and the alkylation of active methines. As formylating agents, formamide acetals are useful in the synthesis of enamines from active methylenes and amidines from amines and amides. Also formamide acetals are efficient reagents for the conversion of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids to alkenes while trans-vic-diols yield epoxides. The above conversions as well as othere listed in the review proceed in almost all cases under mild conditions in high yields making these reagents valuable synthetic tools.     

Optimization of Mutual and Signature Testing Schemes for Highly Concurrent Systems

Signature-based techniques are well known for the Built-in Self-test of integrated systems. We propose a novel test architecture which uses a judicious combination of mutual testing and signature testing to achieve low test area overhead, low aliasing probability and low test application time. The proposed architecture is powerful for testing highly concurrent systems in applications such as iterative logic arrays, real-time systems, systolic arrays, and low-latency pipelines which tend to have a large number of functional modules of a similar nature. The use of mutual testing helps in testing self-loop modules which cannot be tested using simple signature-based schemes. We provide graph-theoretic optimization algorithms to optimize the test area and test application time of the resulting test architecture.