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21.
In this paper we propose a numerical reconstruction method for solving a backward heat conduction problem. Based on the idea
of reproducing kernel approximation, we reconstruct the unknown initial heat distribution from a finite set of scattered measurement
of transient temperature at a fixed final time. Standard Tikhonov regularization technique using the norm of reproducing kernel
is adopt to provide a stable solution when the measurement data contain noises. Numerical results indicate that the proposed
method is stable, efficient, and accurate. 相似文献
22.
Lau Cher Hon Cervini Raoul Clarke Stephen R. Markovic Milena Ginic Matisons Janis G. Hawkins Stephen C. Huynh Chi P. Simon George P. 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2008,10(1):77-85
Nanosized powders of Ti-Nb oxide core-shell nanocrystals with atomic ratios of Nb/Ti = 0.11, 0.25, and 0.38 have been prepared
by two preparation routes. The first route was co-precipitation, followed by␣annealing, using NbCl5 as a source of Nb. The second route was coating of pure TiO2 nanocrystals by Nb-isopropoxide in liquid medium, followed by impregnation of the Nb into the nanoparticles by annealing.
Both methods yielded anatase nanocrystals with a Nb-rich shell and a core, which had much lower Nb loadings. The anatase structure
solid solution (with Nb incorporated) was stable under annealing up to 760°C. The particle size remained within the nanometric
scale (<50 nm) under heat-treatment up to 760°C. It has been shown that the fabricated powders can be redispersed in aqueous media
by simple ultrasound treatment, resulting in nanosized dispersions. Using a variety of analytical techniques, including depth
profiling of single nanocrystallites by AES combined with sputtering by Ar ions, the mechanism of the core-shell structure
creation was studied. It is proposed that the formation of the core-shell structure is governed by solubility limitations
in the co-precipitation route and by solubility and diffusion limitations in the coating-incorporation route. 相似文献
23.
The reliability of adhesion strength of the Sn-9Zn-1.5Ag-0.5Bi/Cu during isothermal aging has been investigated. Due to the
growth and decomposition of the intermetallic compound (IMC), the adhesion strength varies with aging at 150°C from 100, 400,
and 700–1,000 h as wetted at 250°C for 60 sec. The IMC layers are determined at the Sn-9Zn-1.5Ag-0.5Bi/Cu interface by an
x-ray diffractometer (XRD), an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy-dispersive spectroscope
(EDS), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The adhesion strength has been investigated by the pull-off test. The
results show that the Cu6Sn5, Cu5Zn8, and Ag3Sn IMCs are identified at the Sn-9Zn-1.5Ag-0.5Bi/Cu interface as aging. The adhesion strengths are 12.44±0.58, 8.57±0.43,
5.50±0.78, 4.32±0.78, and 3.32±0.43 MPa for aging times of 0 h, 100 h, 400 h, 700 h, and 1,000 h, respectively. 相似文献
24.
A deliberate pattern of distributing the radiation energy of a high power laser can minimize the steady-state thermal gradients in a nonlinear crystal, thus permitting a large increase of the average powers of such systems. The theory of the two main techniques of beam shaping-fanning and scanning-is developed. Results of several experiments based on this theory are given. Experimental techniques, including some not yet attempted, are discussed. 相似文献
25.
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are two novel Ca(2+) messengers derived respectively from NAD and NADP. Since their discovery in sea urchin eggs, both have now been shown to serve messenger functions in a wide range of cells from plant to human. In this article, a series of fluorimetric assays for cADPR, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes is compiled. The enzyme assay makes use of an analog of NAD, nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide, which is non-fluorescent but is cyclized by the enzymes to a fluorescent analog of cADPR, cyclic GDP-ribose. Other NAD utilizing enzymes are not capable of catalyzing the cyclization and thus produce no interference. The fluorimetric assays for cADPR and NAADP make use of coupled-enzyme amplification and can readily detect nanomolar concentrations of either messenger. All the assays described can be performed in multi-well format, allowing ready automation and use in high throughput screening. An added advantage of these assays is that all the required reagents are commercially available, facilitating general adoption of the techniques by all those who are interested in the physiology and enzymology of the novel Ca(2+) signaling pathways mediated by cADPR and NAADP. 相似文献
26.
Evans DA Seidel D Rueping M Lam HW Shaw JT Downey CW 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(42):12692-12693
A highly enantioselective, nitroaldol reaction catalyzed by a chiral Cu(II) bis(oxazoline) complex has been developed. The reaction scope includes both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes (15 examples) affording products in good yields and enantioselectivities (87-94% ee). An X-ray structure of the catalyst has been provided along with a rationalization of the sense of asymmetric induction. 相似文献
27.
PbTiO3 thin films were successfully deposited on the LaNiO3 (LNO) substrates by the liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method and post-annealing at various temperatures. The structure, morphology and composition of the films were investigated by some analytical techniques. The as-deposited films are amorphous and composed of densely packed spherical particles. The films with the grain size of 180 nm start to decompose and crystallize into perovskite structure at 450 °C and show a perovskite single phase with tetragonal structure after annealing at 650 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that the as-deposited film contains fluorine and carbon as major impurities. Fluorine could be completely eliminated by annealing at 650 °C in air. 相似文献
28.
Yinam Li Tae‐Hoon Kim Qinghua Zhao Euh‐Kyung Kim Seung‐Hon Han Yun‐Hi Kim Jin Jang Soon‐Ki Kwon 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(15):5115-5122
We have designed and synthesized a new polymer, which could be used in the organic thin film transistor (OTFT). Poly[2,6‐bis(3′‐dodecythiophene‐2′‐yl)anthracene] (PDTAn), which is composed with anthracene moiety and dodecyl alkyl thiophene, was synthesized by oxidative polymerization using iron (III) chloride. The mole ratio of FeCl3 and monomer (4.2:1), keeping low temperature during the initiation reaction, amount of solvent, and dropping order were very important for oxidative polymerization without crosslinking. The molecular weight of the polymer (Mw) was measured to be 40,000 with 2.85 of polydispersity index by GPC. The physical and optical properties of the polymer were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A field‐effect mobility of 1.1 × 10?4 cm2 V?1 S?1, a current on/off ratio of 105, and the Vth at ?15.2 V had been obtained for OTFTs using this polymer semiconductor by solution coating. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5115–5122, 2008 相似文献
29.
In this paper, a new numerical model, based on a set of non‐linear shallow water equations is developed for the simulation of the formation and evolution of tidal bore in the Hangzhou Gulf and Qiantangjiang river of China. The numerical method and boundary conditions are described in detail. The method is validated against analytical solutions and experimental data. Simulation of the actual tidal bore in Hangzhou Gulf and its propagation in the Qiantangjiang river are performed. Numerical results show that this proposed method is effective for the prediction of tidal bore and current flow at the entrance of Qiantangjiang river. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
In this study, well-ordered ZnO wrinkles were fabricated by sol–gel derived ZnO films via heat treatment at 400 °C for 2 h
with the assistance of polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) templates. PMMA templates with various patterns were employed to investigate
the effects of template geometries on arrangements of the formed ZnO wrinkles. The influence of thickness on the transformation
of the entire resulting structures of the spin-coated ZnO sol–gel films is discussed. With 2-dimensional arrangement of PMMA
patterns, more than two orientations of wrinkled ZnO can be induced in one template. By controlling the arrangement of PMMA
patterns and thickness of ZnO sol–gel films, specific circular, hexagonal, triangular and triangular-star complex structures
were produced due to the constrained shrinkage force of the ZnO films applied toward the PMMA side walls during drying. By
this technique, we can obtain 3-dimensional ZnO structures that conventional photolithography and nano-imprinting lithography
are hard to achieve in few process steps. 相似文献