Understanding Boosted Selective CO2-to-CO Photoreduction with Pure Water Vapor over Hierarchical Biomass-Derived Carbon Matrix

Solar-driven CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) with water into carbon-neutral fuels is of great significance but remains challenging due to thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO₂. Biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C_b) have been considered as promising earth-abundant photocatalysts for CO₂RR, although their activities are not ideal and the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Herein, an efficient catalyst is developed for CO₂-to-CO conversion realized on diverse N-C_b materials with hierarchical pore structures. It is demonstrated that the CO₂-to-CO conversion preferentially takes place on positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic-N using two representatives treated pollens with the largest difference in pyridinic-N density and N content as model photocatalysts. Systematic experimental results indicate that surface local electric field originating from charge separation can be boosted by hierarchical pore structures, doped N, as well as pyridinic-N. Mechanistic studies reveal that positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic-N serve as active sites for CO₂RR, reduce the energy barrier on the formation of CO*, and facilitate the CO₂RR performance. All these benefits cooperatively contribute to treated chrysanthemum pollen catalyst exhibiting excellent CO formation rate of 203.2 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ with 97.2% selectivity in pure water vapor. These results provide a new perspective into CO₂RR on N-C_b, which shall guide the design of nature-based photocatalysts for high-performance solar-fuel generation.     

数据挖掘技术在计算机病毒防御中的应用

计算机病毒的快速传播给计算机系统安全带来了严重威胁,数据挖掘技术可以在计算机病毒防御中发挥重要的作用。文中阐述了数据挖掘技术在计算机病毒防御中的应用,介绍了基于数据挖掘的计算机病毒检测方法、病毒特征分析方法及病毒分析方法,并分别从数据采集、数据处理、数据分析和应用建模4个方面讨论了数据挖掘技术在计算机病毒防御中的应用,最后探讨了数据挖掘技术的发展趋势。     

Analysis of issues in gate recess etching in the InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT manufacturing process

We have developed an InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor device fabrication process where the gate length can be tuned within the range of 0.13 μm–0.16 μm to suit the intended application. The core processes are a two-step electron-beam lithography process using a three-layer resist and gate recess etching process using citric acid. An electron-beam lithography process was developed to fabricate a T-shaped gate electrode with a fine gate foot and a relatively large gate head. This was realized through the use of three-layered resist and two-step electron beam exposure and development. Citric acid-based gate recess etching is a wet etching, so it is very important to secure etching uniformity and process reproducibility. The device layout was designed by considering the electrochemical reaction involved in recess etching, and a reproducible gate recess etching process was developed by finding optimized etching conditions. Using the developed gate electrode process technology, we were able to successfully manufacture various monolithic microwave integrated circuits, including low noise amplifiers that can be used in the 28 GHz to 94 GHz frequency range.     

Implementation of mmWave long-range backhaul for UAV-BS

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a vital element in nonterrestrial networks, especially with respect to 5G communication systems and beyond. The use of UAVs in support of 4G/5G base station (uncrewed aerial vehicle base station [UAV-BS]) has proven to be a practical solution for extending cellular network services to areas where conventional infrastructures are unavailable. In this study, we introduce a UAV-BS system that utilizes a high-capacity wireless backhaul operating in millimeter-wave frequency bands. This system can achieve a maximum throughput of 1.3 Gbps while delivering data at a rate of 300 Mbps, even at distances of 10 km. We also present the details of our testbed implementation alongside the performance results obtained from field tests.     

Joint frame rate adaptation and object recognition model selection for stabilized unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance

We propose an adaptive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted object recognition algorithm for urban surveillance scenarios. For UAV-assisted surveillance, UAVs are equipped with learning-based object recognition models and can collect surveillance image data. However, owing to the limitations of UAVs regarding power and computational resources, adaptive control must be performed accordingly. Therefore, we introduce a self-adaptive control strategy to maximize the time-averaged recognition performance subject to stability through a formulation based on Lyapunov optimization. Results from performance evaluations on real-world data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves the desired performance improvements.     

Least squares decoding in binomial frequency division multiplexing

This paper proposes a method that can reduce the complexity of a system matrix by analyzing the characteristics of a pseudoinverse matrix to receive a binomial frequency division multiplexing (BFDM) signal and decode it using the least squares (LS) method. The system matrix of BFDM can be expressed as a band matrix, and as this matrix contains many zeros, its amount of calculation when generating a transmission signal is quite small. The LS solution can be obtained by multiplying the received signal by the pseudoinverse matrix of the system matrix. The singular value decomposition of the system matrix indicates that the pseudoinverse matrix is a band matrix. The signal-to-interference ratio is obtained from their eigenvalues. Meanwhile, entries that do not contribute to signal generation are erased to enhance calculation efficiency. We decode the received signal using the pseudoinverse matrix and the removed pseudoinverse matrix to obtain the bit error rate performance and to analyze the difference.     

C波段高效率逆F类GaN MMIC功率放大器

为了解决晶体管寄生参数对逆F(F-1)类功率放大器效率的影响,采用了一种新型的输出谐波控制结构。首先,设计二次和三次谐波控制电路,同时将直流偏置电路加入二次谐波控制电路,降低了电路设计的复杂度。其次,为了解决寄生参数对F-1类功放本征漏极端阻抗的影响,采用一段串行微带线进行寄生补偿。最后,通过微带线和电容进行基波和负载之间的匹配。为验证方法的有效性,采用0.25 μm氮化镓高电子迁移率晶体管(GaN HEMT)工艺,设计了一款工作在5.7 GHz~6.3 GHz的F-1类微波集成电路功放。版图后仿真结果显示,F-1类功放的漏极效率DE为57.2%~62.3%,功率附加效率PAE为51.8%~57.4%,饱和输出功率为39.0 dBm~40.4 dBm,增益为9.0 dBm~10.4 dBm。版图面积为3.2×1.7 mm²。     

基于Focal-EIOU函数的被动式太赫兹图像违禁物品识别

针对被动式太赫兹安检系统因环境影响导致图像质量波动,从而影响识别算法,导致准确率大幅降低的问题,提出了基于Focal-EIOU损失函数的改进YOLOv4算法,并用被动式太赫兹人体安检图像对刀、枪违禁物品进行模型训练获得模型。建立不同环境、不同位置角度携带刀枪嫌疑物人员的太赫兹图像数据库,采用图像增广的方法构建丰富数据集;将YOLOv4的CIOU loss改进为Focal-EIOU loss,提高算法对太赫兹图像识别的鲁棒性,进而经过训练获得较优的模型。在本文的测试集中,使用改进后的算法训练的模型平均检测精确度(mAP)达到96.4%,检测速度在28 ms左右,交并比(IOU)平均值为0.95,在同等条件下高于常规算法,改善了检测识别的效果。实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效提高被动式太赫兹人体安检系统的嫌疑物识别准确率,有利于该项技术在人体安检领域的推广应用。     

封装器件多应力叠加失效仿真分析与验证

针对某双列直插式(DIP)封装器件在整机温循试验中出现的失效现象,分析在器件与电路板焊接环节、电路板与整机装配环节和整机温循试验环节3个工况下可能的失效原因,对原因分别进行单工况和多工况的失效仿真分析。针对不同仿真模型在不同工况下的叠加仿真难题,提出基于ANSYS Workbench有限元软件的多应力叠加仿真方法,对比单一工况和多种工况下的仿真结果。结果表明,DIP封装器件失效是器件在焊接尺寸不匹配、过定位装配和温循试验三种工况下,机械应力和热应力的叠加使玻璃绝缘子产生裂纹导致的,有限元仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合,为DIP封装器件在多工况下应力叠加失效的故障机理研究提供一种可参考的仿真方法。     

激光退火硅晶圆温度场分布的数值模拟研究

目前,激光退火技术被广泛应用于半导体加工领域,但对如何选择激光条件进行相应的退火并没有系统清晰的准则可以参考,尤其是在硅的深注入杂质激活方面。本文通过对激光照射在硅晶圆上形成的温度场分布进行数值模拟研究,分析了激光波长和脉冲宽度对加热深度以及晶圆背面温度的影响。结果表明,延长激光波长或脉冲宽度,都有助于增加激光退火的加热深度。而对于特定的激活深度需求,存在着最优的激光波长和脉冲宽度组合,可以使退火所需要的激光脉冲能量最低,硅晶圆背面的温升最小。本文通过模拟仿真给出了激活深度在1～10μm范围内的最优波长和脉宽值,可为实现高效的深硅注入激光激活工艺提供重要的条件参考。