Neutron activation analysis of semiconductor materials

Two examples of the use of neutron activation analysis for the characterization of semiconductor materials are given. 23 elements were determined in ASTM silicon intercomparison samples. Most elements are below the detection limits, which vary between 0.009–300 ng/g. CdS/CdTe thin films have been characterized by determining the Cd, Te, Cl, I and In concentrations of dissolved films. Parallel determinations in different samples of films prepared under identical conditions agreed within 0–53% (average deviation 21%) for Cl, Cd, In and I in CdS and 1.6–22% (average 8.7%) for Cd and Te in CdS/CdTe, respectively. It was determined both by NAA and resonance ionization spectrometry (RIS). The order of magnitude of the results was 1 ng/g and they agree within the range 7–64% (average difference 25%). The analytical procedures are described and discussed.     

Ligand dynamics and reactivity in trimetallic clusters

The general relationships between trinuclear cluster reactivity and the ligand dynamical processes in these systems are explored. Three specific mechanistic studies are presented: (1) the rate and stereochemistry of ligand addition to ₃-imidoyl complexes, (2) the factors influencing the rate of carbon-hydrogen bond activation in ₃-alkyne complexes, and (3) the origin of anomalously large kinetic deuterium isotope effect in metal to ligand and ligand to metal hydrogen transfer in trinuclear and binuclear complexes. In all three cases, the current state of the mechanistic studies are summarized and the possible rate of specific ligand dynamical processes in controlling the mechanism are put forth.     

Metal complex-substituted polysiloxanes as novel coatings for capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography

Two novel polysiloxane-based polymers, which contain metal complexes, have been prepared. To prepare the Co(TACN)3+(2) (TACN= 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) based polymers, an orthoamide derivative of TACN was added to bromobutane-substituted methylpolysiloxane and hydrolyzed with base. Co(II) was then coordinated to the TACN, followed by cobalt oxidation to make polymer A or followed by N-octyl TACN coordination and cobalt oxidation to make polymer B. In both materials, TACN forms thermodynamically and kinetically stable Co(TACN)3+(2) complexes in which the six coordination sites of the Co(III) are occupied by nitrogens from the TACN. The polymers were coated on fused-silica capillary columns and spherical silica particles, which were used for capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography, respectively. The open and packed columns showed strong and pH-independent reversed electroosmotic flow.     

Synthesis of anticonvulsant activity of some 2-phenylcarbamoyl-1,2-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes

A number of aryl isocyanates were adducted to 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and afforded 2-phenyl-carbamoyl-1,2-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes. Some of the products displayed anticonvulsant activity.     

A simple method for the determination of uranium and thorium by delayed neutron counting

A simple method for the determination of uranium and thorium by delayed neutron counting is described. One portion of the sample is irradiated in a reactor and the delayed neutrons are counted. Another portion of the sample is mixed with B₄ C powder absorbing the thermal neutrons, and irradiated in the same position. From those data, both uranium and thorium can be calculated when a quantitative calibration has been made beforehand. The detection limits for the pure elements are 0.07 ppm for uranium and 2 ppm for thorium with the minimum analyzing time being 2 min. The accuracy of the method is investigated by comparing results obtained by the method described here with results obtained by epithermal activation analysis.     

Local completeness I

An infinite algebra is locally complete if its local closure is the set of all finitary operations. We give a local completeness criterion in terms of a system R of finitary relations on A such that the polymorph Pol of each R is locally incomplete and for every locally incomplete algebra A; F we have F Pol for some R. This system consists of (i) certain natural relations whose polymorphs are best possible in the sense that they are co-atoms in the lattice of locally closed incomplete algebras, (ii) five types of binary relations, (iii) one type of ternary relations and (iv) at least ternary totally reflexive and symmetric relations that are not locally central.Presented by K. A. Baker.     

Field gradient electrophoresis

The class of equilibrium gradient methods utilizes the opposition of two forces, at least one of which changes in magnitude with position, to separate and concentrate analytes. The drawback of many methods of this type is that the production of two opposing forces requires in comparison to standard methods, such as capillary electrophoresis, a relatively complex apparatus. In addition, for techniques such as electric field gradient focusing, hydrodynamic flow leads to Taylor dispersion, which limits the attainable concentration factor. We propose a new method, gradient field electrophoresis, which achieves analyte separation and focusing with only one spatially varying force, an electric field gradient. A model for the method is developed and used to analyze peak capacity. Experimental results for a protein (R-phycoerythrin) are given and compared to the model.