Nontrivial extensions of a massless representation with definite helicity of the Poincaré group in 3+1 dimensions by the tensor product of two other massless representations with definite helicity

Let U _n (a, ) be a massless, helicity n/2, representation of the Poincaré group in 3+1 dimensions. U _n (a, ) is realized in an adapted nuclear space D _n. We explicitly determine the various classes of cohomology for the extension of U _n (a, ) by U _n1 (a, ) U _n2 (a, ).     

Exclusive semi-leptonic decays of bottom mesons in the spectator quark model

We calculate the exclusive semileptonic bottom meson decays \(B \to D(D*) + l^ - + \bar v_l \) in the spectator quark model. The helicity structure of the mesonic current transitionsB→D(D ^*) is matched to the helicity structure of the free quark current transitionsb→c at minimum momentum transferq ²=0. The results are continued toq ²≠=0 by pole-dominated form factors. Our results are compared to recent calculations that use quark model dynamics at maximum momentum transferq _max ² = (M ₁ ?M ₂)². We find agreement atq _max ² . Atq ²=0 there are significant differences between the predictions of the two approaches leading to marked differences in the predictions for the shape of the lepton energy spectrum, the shape of theq ²-distribution, and the helicity composition of the transition measurable in the angular distributions of the decaysD ^*→Dπ and \(W_{virtual}^ - \to l^ - + \bar v_l \) .     

Calculation of transverse and longitudinal space charge effects within the framework of the fully six-dimensional formalism

In the following report we describe a method for calculating the envelope of a particle bunch in linear coupled storage rings and transport systems in the presence of transverse and longitudinal space charge forces using the (canonical) variablesx, p _x ,z, p _z , σ=s?v ₀·t,p _σ=ΔE/E ₀ of the fully six-dimensional formalism. This work is an extension of earlier calculations on transverse space charge forces [1] to include the synchrotron oscillations. The extension is achieved by defining a 6-dimensional ellipsoid in thex?p _x ?z?p _z ?σ?p _σ space. The motion of this ellipsoid under the influence of the external fields and the instantaneous space charge forces can be described by six generating orbit vectors which can be combined into a 6-dimensional matrixB(s). This “bunch-shape matrix”,B(s), contains complete information about the configuration of the bunch. The solution of the equations of motion is carried through in the thin lens approximation. The formalism can also encompass acceleration by cavity fields.     

On the origin of additional peaks in the photoelectron spectra of yttrium

Ultraviolet Photoemission analysis of yttrium metal reveals well defined features far below the conduction band. In order to elucidate their origin, we have used X-ray/Ultra violet photoelectron spectroscopy together with inverse photoemission. The comparison of the spectra of clean yttrium and of H exposed yttrium suggests that these structures are most probably due to hydrogen bands, hydrogen being either in a stable surface hydride form or as subsurface H.     

Differential oscillator strengths and dipole polarizabilities for transitions of the helium sequence

The dipole radial integral for an initial discrete 1s state and a final continuum state has been calculated under the screened hydrogenic model. In this model, single-electron hydrogenic wave functions are employed and the initial and the final states are treated by two different effective-charge parameters. Numerical values of differential oscillator strengths for transitions from 1s 21S to the continuum for the helium sequence ions are obtained. Also calculated are the dipole polarizabilities, which are found to be in excellent agreement with the results of other authors.     

Comparative study of the specific heat of superconducting and non-superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x

We have measured the specific heat, the electrical resistance and the magnetic susceptibility of YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x in a superconducting (sc) and in a non-superconducting (nsc) version. The latter was obtained by inducing a small loss of oxygen. In the sc sample we find a jump of the specific heat with C=3.6 J mole^–1 K^–1. Below the maximum nearT _c the specific heat of the sc version drops too fast for an electronic effect alone: there is a cross-over from excess to deficiency already at 0.9T _c . The specific heat of the nsc version shows a change of slope in the temperature range between 70 and 80 K, which indicates the existence of a second specific heat anomaly, which apparently exists independently of that due to the onset of superconductivity and explains at least partially the premature crossover.Alexander von Humboldt fellow. On leave in absence from Centro Atomico Bariloche—CNEA Argentina     

The recursion method for a two-dimensional electron system in a strong magnetic field

We study the tight-binding model of non-interacting electrons on a two-dimensional square lattice within a strong magnetic field. The recursion method is applied to this problem, and the asymptotic behaviour of the continued fraction coefficients and the appropriate termination of the continued fractions are discussed. For an ordered system the local density of states at bulk sites can efficiently and accurately be calculated. For any rational number =p/q of magnetic flux quanta per lattice site the spectral function is splitted in up toq different (Landau-like) subbands. At edge sites the gaps between the Landau subbands disappear. For a disordered system an appropriate termination of the continued fractions is more difficult. Nevertheless, reasonable results for the (bulk) density of states in the presence of disorder can be obtained by averaging over different system realizations. The corresponding result obtained within the coherent potential approximation (CPA) is in good agreement with the exact (averaged) density of states of the disordered system. It is shown that the broadening of each subband due to the disorder is considerably smaller than the disorder strength. The site off-diagonal matrix elements of the one-particle Green function can also be calculated and their unusual properties are discussed. Finally it is discussed, why a determination of the transport coefficients _xx and _xy from the Kubo formula was not yet possible within this method, not even within the CPA transport theory.     

Influence of valence band states on the core hole screening in lanthanide perovskite compounds

Investigation on core level and valence band photoelectron spectra of lanthanide perovskite samples (Ag _x La_1–x CoO₃;x<0,3) and reinvestigations of metallic lanthanum and La-oxide layers are reported. Differences in preparation method during perovskite formation are leading to different quality of sample purity and different electronic properties. This could be followed by changes in the density of states near the Fermi energy. On the other hand the screening mechanism after ionization of a La 3d core hole is affected by the relative energy position of occupied valence band states with respect to the empty La 4f ^* level in the core ionized state. Changes in La 3d line profile are discussed as changes in multi electron processes (e.g. shake up or energy gain) during photoionization. We attribute the two electron process during photoemission of La 3d electrons to the well screened energy gain transition in LaCoO₃, whereas the two electron process results in a shake up transition in La₂O₃ and La(OH)₃.     

Frequency and efficiency measurements on FIR laser lines close to the N+ 3 P 2−3 P 1 transition

FIR laser lines close to the N^{+ 3} P ₂–³ P ₁ transition at 122 m can be used as a local oscillator for heterodyne detectors. The frequencies of some candidate laser lines from CH₂F₂,¹³CH₃OH, CD₃OD, and CD₃OH have been measured and the output power of the most interesting lines has been optimized.     

On the generation and annealing of dangling bond defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

We show that, through the diffusive re-arrangement of Si-H bonds, the a-SiH lattice is able to establish thermal equilibrium between the densities of band tail trapped charge carriers and dangling bond defects. When this equilibrium is disturbed by changes in temperature, carrier injection or illumination, dangling bond defects have to be generated or annealed out via H-diffusion processes. Based on the concept of charge-induced bond breaking, we develop a mathematical formalism for the diffusive re-arrangement of Si-H bonds and show that our formalism can account for a variety of observations that have been made in the context of defect-generation and annealing experiments.