Associated and Attached Primes of Some Graded Modules Over Semigroup Rings

In this paper, algebras are finite dimensional over an algebraically closed field k, and modules are k-finite dimensional left modules. We prove the stable equivalence conjecture for algebras stably equivalent to algebras A with the following conditions: basic, connected and selfinjective; rad³A = 0 but rad²A ¬ 0; and the separated quiver Q³ _A of the quiver Q_A of A consisting of more than two connected components.     

Design techniques for reducing the impact of component variations on narrow-band low noise amplifiers

Given the increasing demand for integrated wireless systems in system-on-chip technology, narrow-band low noise amplifier (LNA) designs must be robust against variations in device parameters and passive component values to improve manufacturing yield for high volume applications. In this paper, we develop two design techniques for reducing the impact of component variations on narrow-band LNA performance. The results demonstrate that by increasing the bandwidth of the narrow-band LNA and applying more conservative design constraints, we can mitigate the reliability implications of process variations on impedance matching, gain, and power consumption.     

Efficient multisecret sharing scheme using new proposed computational security model

A multisecret sharing (MSS) is a method for sharing a set of secrets among some participants. They can recover each of these secrets without endangering the other secrets. Two kinds of security models have been proposed for MSS schemes. These models are categorized into 2 types. The first security model is unconditional security. This approach decreases the efficiency of MSS schemes. Therefore, the second type of security, which is more relaxed, appeared. This approach is called computational security. In this paper, with 2 examples, we will show that the current definition of computational security does not satisfy all of our expectations from a secure MSS scheme. In fact, in these examples, recovering a secret leaks information to the other secrets while these schemes are considered secure in view of the computational security. After determining the shortcomings of the current security definition, we propose a new definition for computational security and present an MSS scheme that enjoys rigorous proof of security in terms of the new definition. In addition, a complete comparison in terms of share size, number of public values, and required operations for recovering a secret between our scheme and previous schemes indicates that the presented scheme is efficient.     

Phytotherapeutic inhibition of supragingival dental plaque

Antimicrobial activities and biofilm-formation preventive properties of Mentha piperita and Cuminum cyminum essential oils and chlorhexidine were assessed against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis led to the identification of 26 and 32 compounds in the essential oils of M. piperita and C. cyminum, respectively. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the oils and chlorhexidine and microbial decimal reduction time (D value) were determined. Antibacterial and in vivo biofilm preventive efficacies of all the concentrations of M. piperita oil were significantly (p<0.001) higher. The biofilm inhibitory properties in planktonic cultures were in M. piperita > chlorhexidine > C. cyminum order. In vivo experiments conducted on male and female volunteers who brushed with essential oil blended toothpastes indicated that lower concentrations of the oils, in particular the M. piperita oil, were significantly higher (p<0.001) and effective during the course of the study as compared to chlorhexidine. In conclusion, there may be a potential role for essential oils in the development of novel anticaries treatments.     

On the notion of Cohen–Macaulayness for non-Noetherian rings

There exist many characterizations of Noetherian Cohen–Macaulay rings in the literature. These characterizations do not remain equivalent if we drop the Noetherian assumption. The aim of this paper is to provide some comparisons between some of these characterizations in non-Noetherian case. Toward solving a conjecture posed by Glaz, we give a generalization of the Hochster–Eagon result on Cohen–Macaulayness of invariant rings, in the context of non-Noetherian rings.     

On the necessary and sufficient requirement of a CIOQ switch to emulate an Output Queued switch

There has been much interest to emulate the behavior of Output Queued switches. The early result of such attempts was reported by Prabhakar and McKeown using the CIOQ switches with speedup factor of 4. Subsequently, Stoica and Zhang and independently Chuang et al. showed that a speedup of 2 in conjunction with their scheduling schemes would be sufficient for CIOQ switches to emulate Output Queued switches.Additionally, Chuang et al. showed that in “Average Sense” a speedup of 2?1/N is necessary and sufficient for CIOQ to emulate Output Queued switch behavior.Our paper reports that in the “Strict Sense” a speedup of 2 is both necessary and sufficient. We show this requirement using examples for 2x2 and 3x3 switches. Then, with a constructed traffic pattern, it is proved that in the “Strict Sense” a speedup of 2 is necessary to emulate the behavior of an Output Queued switch for any switch size N.Combining this result with the previous scheduling schemes, we conclude that in the “Strict Sense”, a speedup of 2 is the necessary and sufficient condition to emulate the behavior of an Output Queued switch, using a CIOQ switch.Additionally, easing the assumptions and allowing the packet segmentation, it is shown that the speedup requirement to emulate the behavior of an Output Queued switch can be reduced to values even smaller than 2?1/N. For this case a lower bound of 3/2 and an upper bound of 2 is proved.     

A low-power biologically-inspired chaotic oscillator with process and temperature tolerance

This paper presents a low-power, biologically-inspired silicon neuron based implementation of a chaotic oscillator circuit. The silicon neuron structure is based on Hodgkin–Huxley neuron model. Subthreshold MOSFET and current reuse techniques have been utilized to achieve a low-power consumption of 180.30 nW for the room temperature (27 °C) and typical process corner. The chaotic behavior of the circuit is confirmed by calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed chaotic oscillator shows that the circuit maintains the chaotic behavior for five different process corners within the temperature range of 0–60 °C.     

Module character amenability of Banach algebras

In this paper we introduce the notion of module character amenable Banach algebras and show that they possess module character virtual (approximate) diagonals. As a basic example, we show that for an inverse semigroup S with the set of idempotents E, the semigroup algebra ? ¹(S) is module character amenable as an ? ¹(E)-module if only if S is amenable.     

Antimicrobial Ionic Liquid-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

Excessive and unwarranted administration of antibiotics has invigorated the evolution of multidrug-resistant microbes. There is, therefore, an urgent need for advanced active compounds. Ionic liquids with short-lived ion-pair structures are highly tunable and have diverse applications. Apart from their unique physicochemical features, the newly discovered biological activities of ionic liquids have fascinated biochemists, microbiologists, and medical scientists. In particular, their antimicrobial properties have opened new vistas in overcoming the current challenges associated with combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Discussions regarding ionic liquid derivatives in monomeric and polymeric forms with antimicrobial activities are presented here. The antimicrobial mechanism of ionic liquids and parameters that affect their antimicrobial activities, such as chain length, cation/anion type, cation density, and polymerization, are considered. The potential applications of ionic liquids in the biomedical arena, including regenerative medicine, biosensing, and drug/biomolecule delivery, are presented to stimulate the scientific community to further improve the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic liquids.