A priori estimates for rough PDEs with application to rough conservation laws

We introduce a general weak formulation for PDEs driven by rough paths, as well as a new strategy to prove well-posedness. Our procedure is based on a combination of fundamental a priori estimates with (rough) Gronwall-type arguments. In particular this approach does not rely on any sort of transformation formula (flow transformation, Feynman–Kac representation formula etc.) and is therefore rather flexible. As an application, we study conservation laws driven by rough paths establishing well–posedness for the corresponding kinetic formulation.     

Donnan equilibrium revisited

The osmotic pressure, electric potential and final concentrations in the Donnan equilibrium of a 1-1 electrolyte and a charged species which cannot cross the membrane are calculated in the mean spherical approximation for the primitive model both for equal and different diameters. Large differences with the ideal and Debye-Hückel approximations are found and discussed.     

Low-Cost Potentiometric Sensor for Chloride Measurement in Continuous Industrial Process Control

Recently, the new updates in legislation about drinking water control and human health have increased the demand for novel electrochemical low-cost sensors, such as potentiometric ones. Nowadays, the determination of chloride ion in aqueous solutions has attracted great attention in several fields, from industrial processes to drinking water control. Indeed, chloride plays a crucial role in corrosion, also influencing the final taste of beverages, especially coffee. The main goal is to obtain devices suitable for continuous and real-time analysis. For these reasons, we investigated the possibility to develop an easy, low-cost potentiometric chloride sensor, able to perform analysis in aqueous mediums for long immersion time and reducing the need of periodic calibration. We realized a chloride ion selective electrode made of Ag/AgCl sintered pellet and we tested its response in model solutions compatible with drinking water. The sensor was able to produce a stable, reproducible, and accurate quantification of chloride in 900 s, without the need for a preliminary calibration test. This opens the route to potential applications of this sensor in continuous, in situ, and real time measurement of chloride ions in industrial processes, with a reduced need for periodic maintenance.     

Electrochemical Studies on Effects of Psychostimulants,Opioids and Alcohol Intake Towards Level of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Brain Striatum

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was the main types of many peroxides produced in living mammalian cells that consumed oxygen. In the brain, the main source of H₂O₂ was the superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐catalyzed reaction in mitochondria. However, the level of H₂O₂ would be elevated through administration of control drugs and alcohol by dopamine metabolism of monoamine oxidase. In this study, a H₂O₂ microsensor was used to investigate the level of H₂O₂ in the brain striatum after administration of methamphetamine (MAP), morphine (MrP) or ethanol (Eth). The placement of microsensor in the brain was done at coordinates A/P 1.1 from bregma, M/L+2.6 and D/V‐1.5. A working potential of +0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied. The H₂O₂ concentration was measured direct from the current generated by its catalytic reaction at the electro active surface of the electrode. A significant increase of H₂O₂ level was observed after 7 successive injections of the controlled drugs or alcohol. The initial measurement of H₂O₂ is essential as excess dosage of H₂O₂ during treatment will contribute to the formation of neurotoxin oxygenated radicals. The H₂O₂ was the precursor of O_2? and OH radicals. Thus, this study provided a mean to monitor H₂O₂ level in the brain.     

Novel JPEG 2000 Compliant DWT and IWT VLSI Implementations

This paper proposes two JPEG 2000 compliant architectures: one for DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) and one for IWT (Integer Wavelet Transform) implementation. First of all some theoretical issues about DWT and IWT are discussed, then, starting from transforms characteristics, the architectures are presented showing both performance and cost. In the literature many DWT architectures have been proposed; our implementation is a new architecture that computes the DWT using filters of interest for the forthcoming JPEG 2000 standard. Moreover, we propose a Lifting Scheme based architecture for IWT, JPEG 2000 compliant too. The proposed architectures are able to support real-time streams: the DWT one, which is made of 20,000 cells, with an input throughput of 160 Msamples per second and a clock frequency of 160 MHz, the IWT one, consisting of 50,000 cells, with an input throughput of 4.5 Msamples per second and an internal clock frequency of 108 MHz.