Internet安全和防火墙技术:安全体系结构

根据防火墙技术的发展现状,分析了防火墙的功能需求,提出了五种防火墙的安全体系结构,对于防火墙设计和实现中的一些问题以及今后的发展方向提出了我们的看法。     

相干光通信中的光学桥接器

相干光通信技术是提高接收机灵敏度,发展大容量高码率激光通信系统的重要技术手段,光学桥接器将信号激光和本振激光链接到光电探测器进行相干探测处理,是相干光通信系统的关键器件之一.对近20多年来发展的光学桥接器进行了总结和分类,介绍了不同光学桥接器的原理、构造和性能,分析了光学桥接器的关键技术.     

基于复用计算全息元件的多阶模式偏置波前传感器

提出利用复用计算全息元件实现多阶模式同步的偏置模式波前传感器。对基于复用计算全息元件的多阶模式偏置波前传感器进行了理论分析。为了实现复用计算全息元件,分别编码设计了包含4阶,10阶和20阶Zernike像差模式的复用计算全息图,讨论了复用计算全息图设计中几个关键问题。数值模拟研究了复用计算全息图对单阶和多阶像差模式的探测性能。结果表明,在一定探测范围内,传感器能够响应与全息图内预先记录像差模式相同的待测像差模式,且每一个模式的灵敏度都不同。全息图内记录模式数较少时,单阶模式探测的灵敏度较大;记录模式数越多,模式之间擦除效应越严重,单阶和多阶模式灵敏度都受到一定影响。     

Perturbative Power Counting,Lowest-Index Operators and Their Renormalization in Standard Model Effective Field Theory

We study two aspects of higher dimensional operators in standard model effective field theory.We first introduce a perturbative power counting rule for the entries in the anomalous dimension matrix of operators with equal mass dimension.The power counting is determined by the number of loops and the difference of the indices of the two operators involved,which in turn is defined by assuming that all terms in the standard model Lagrangian have an equal perturbative power.Then we show that the operators with the lowest index are unique at each mass dimension d,i.e.,(H~?H)~(d/2)for even d≥4,and(L~TεH)C(L~TεH)~T(H~?H)~((d-5)/2)for odd d≥5.Here H,L are the Higgs and lepton doublet,andε,C the antisymmetric matrix of rank two and the charge conjugation matrix,respectively.The renormalization group running of these operators can be studied separately from other operators of equal mass dimension at the leading order in power counting.We compute their anomalous dimensions at one loop for general d and find that they are enhanced quadratically in d due to combinatorics.We also make connections with classification of operators in terms of their holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights.     

SO_2和NO_2在γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面吸附的第一性原理计算

采用基于平面波基组的Vienna Ab-initio Simulations Package (VASP)程序研究了SO_2和NO_2在γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面和羟基化γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面的吸附,获得了SO_2和NO_2吸附的不同构型和结构参数.对吸附能,电荷转移,差分电荷密度和投影态密度等进行分析和讨论.对比发现,在γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面SO_2的吸附能力强于NO_2.SO_2或NO_2在非羟基化γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面吸附时O原子的2p轨道和Al原子的3s3p轨道作用形成O-Al键,且SO_2吸附时键结强度高于NO_2.NO_2吸附时费米能级以下有部分反键态,削弱了与γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面相互作用.在羟基化γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面SO_2或NO_2的吸附能力会低于非羟基化表面,但是SO_2的吸附能力依旧强于NO_2.计算结果说明SO_2与γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面的相互作用强于NO_2.以上研究,将有助于理解SO_2和NO_2在γ-Al_2O_3的反应性,为进一步研究它们的非均相转化和在灰霾形成中的促进作用奠定基础.     

SB60型变频器应用于风机控制变频调速系统

在工矿企业中,风机设备应用广泛,可应用于锅炉燃烧系统、通风系统和烘干系统等.变频器的运行控制方式采用U/f控制方式.变频器外部FWD控制模式,选择X4、X5端子控制端子的通断实现变频器的升降速,变频器一旦发生故障,风机由变频运行切换为工频运行的控制,从而实现风机工频运行.     

利用相位恢复波前传感技术检测球面镜面形

为了验证相位恢复波前传感器系统波前检测的能力,搭建了基于相位恢复测量方法的波前传感器检测球面镜面形的实验平台。该平台结构简单,抗震动,可以在对光路不进行任何改变的前提下,利用成像系统上已有的相机对整个光学系统进行在位检测。为了验证相位恢复波前传感器测量方法的准确性,将相位恢复波前传感器测量结果与ZYGO干涉仪测量结果进行比较,实验结果表明在面形误差分布及误差的峰谷值(PV)和方均根值(RMS)上,两者具有极大的相似性,所以利用相位恢复波前传感器技术能有效地检测出球面镜的面形误差。     

激光二极管线列阵与多模光纤列阵的光纤耦合

利用一段数值孔径(NA)较小的多模光纤作为一个低成本的微透镜,对激光二极管线列阵的大数值孔径方向准直,将激光二极管线列阵的输出光束耦合到多模光纤列阵中.激光二极管线列阵每个发光单元的光分别耦合到光纤列阵的单根光纤中.总的耦合效率和输出光功率分别为75%和15W.     

Construction of Enzyme-Responsive Micelles Based on Theranostic Zwitterionic Conjugated Bottlebrush Copolymers with Brush-on-Brush Architecture for Cell Imaging and Anticancer Drug Delivery

Bottlebrush copolymers with different chemical structures and compositions as well as diverse architectures represent an important kind of material for various applications, such as biomedical devices. To our knowledge, zwitterionic conjugated bottlebrush copolymers integrating fluorescence imaging and tumor microenvironment-specific responsiveness for efficient intracellular drug release have been rarely reported, likely because of the lack of an efficient synthetic approach. For this purpose, in this study, we reported the successful preparation of well-defined theranostic zwitterionic bottlebrush copolymers with unique brush-on-brush architecture. Specifically, the bottlebrush copolymers were composed of a fluorescent backbone of polyfluorene derivate (PFONPN) possessing the fluorescence resonance energy transfer with doxorubicin (DOX), primary brushes of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and secondary graft brushes of an enzyme-degradable polytyrosine (PTyr) block as well as a zwitterionic poly(oligo (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate) (P(OEGMA-co-SBMA)) chain with super hydrophilicity and highly antifouling ability via elegant integration of Suzuki coupling, NCA ROP and ATRP techniques. Notably, the resulting bottlebrush copolymer, PFONPN₉-g-(PHEMA₁₅-g-(PTyr₁₆-b-P(OEGMA₆-co-SBMA₆)₂)) (P₂) with a lower MW ratio of the hydrophobic side chains of PTyr and hydrophilic side chains of P(OEGMA-co-SBMA) could self-assemble into stabilized unimolecular micelles in an aqueous phase. The resulting unimolecular micelles showed a fluorescence quantum yield of 3.9% that is mainly affected by the pendant phenol groups of PTyr side chains and a drug-loading content (DLC) of approximately 15.4% and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 90.6% for DOX, higher than the other micelle analogs, because of the efficient supramolecular interactions of π–π stacking between the PTyr blocks and drug molecules, as well as the moderate hydrophilic chain length. The fluorescence of the PFONPN backbone enables fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with DOX and visualization of intracellular trafficking of the theranostic micelles. Most importantly, the drug-loaded micelles showed accelerated drug release in the presence of proteinase K because of the enzyme-triggered degradation of PTyr blocks and subsequent deshielding of P(OEGMA-co-SBMA) corona for micelle destruction. Taken together, we developed an efficient approach for the synthesis of enzyme-responsive theranostic zwitterionic conjugated bottlebrush copolymers with a brush-on-brush architecture, and the resulting theranostic micelles with high DLC and tumor microenvironment-specific responsiveness represent a novel nanoplatform for simultaneous cell image and drug delivery.     

Computational Insight into Biotransformation Profiles of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants to Their Diester Metabolites by Cytochrome P450

Biotransformation of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) has a potential correlation with their toxicological effects on humans. In this work, we employed five typical OPFRs including tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), and performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to clarify the CYP-catalyzed biotransformation of five OPFRs to their diester metabolites. The DFT results show that the reaction mechanism consists of Cα-hydroxylation and O-dealkylation steps, and the biotransformation activities of five OPFRs may follow the order of TCEP ≈ TEP ≈ EHDPHP > TCIPP > TDCIPP. We further performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to unravel the binding interactions of five OPFRs in the CYP3A4 isoform. Binding mode analyses demonstrate that CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of TDCIPP, TCIPP, TCEP, and TEP can produce the diester metabolites, while EHDPHP metabolism may generate para-hydroxyEHDPHP as the primary metabolite. Moreover, the EHDPHP and TDCIPP have higher binding potential to CYP3A4 than TCIPP, TCEP, and TEP. This work reports the biotransformation profiles and binding features of five OPFRs in CYP, which can provide meaningful clues for the further studies of the metabolic fates of OPFRs and toxicological effects associated with the relevant metabolites.