全文获取类型
收费全文 | 35342篇 |
免费 | 5994篇 |
国内免费 | 5316篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 17687篇 |
晶体学 | 579篇 |
力学 | 1349篇 |
综合类 | 410篇 |
数学 | 2667篇 |
物理学 | 9462篇 |
无线电 | 14498篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 135篇 |
2023年 | 624篇 |
2022年 | 910篇 |
2021年 | 1166篇 |
2020年 | 1168篇 |
2019年 | 1299篇 |
2018年 | 1076篇 |
2017年 | 1171篇 |
2016年 | 1390篇 |
2015年 | 1743篇 |
2014年 | 2025篇 |
2013年 | 2514篇 |
2012年 | 3066篇 |
2011年 | 3105篇 |
2010年 | 2669篇 |
2009年 | 2729篇 |
2008年 | 2896篇 |
2007年 | 2610篇 |
2006年 | 2559篇 |
2005年 | 2212篇 |
2004年 | 1743篇 |
2003年 | 1372篇 |
2002年 | 1326篇 |
2001年 | 1103篇 |
2000年 | 919篇 |
1999年 | 683篇 |
1998年 | 413篇 |
1997年 | 312篇 |
1996年 | 294篇 |
1995年 | 254篇 |
1994年 | 237篇 |
1993年 | 204篇 |
1992年 | 128篇 |
1991年 | 125篇 |
1990年 | 80篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 58篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 47篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1957年 | 4篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Excitable media,such as cells,can be polarized and magnetized in the presence of an external electromagnetic field.In fact,distinct geometric deformation can be induced by the external electromagnetic field,and also the capacitance of the membrane of cell can be changed to pump the field energy.Furthermore,the distribution of ion concentration inside and outside the cell can also be greatly adjusted.Based on the theory of bio-electromagnetism,the distribution of field energy and intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations in a single shell cell can be estimated in the case with or without external electric field.Also,the dependence of shape of cell on the applied electronic field is calculated.From the viewpoint of physics,the involvement of external electric field will change the gradient distribution of field energy blocked by the membrane.And the intracellular and extracellular ion concentration show a certain difference in generating timevarying membrane potential in the presence of electric field.When a constant electric field is applied to the cell,distinct geometric deformation is induced,and the cell triggers a transition from prolate to spherical and then to oblate ellipsoid shape.It is found that the critical frequency in the applied electric field for triggering the distinct transition from prolate to oblate ellipsoid shape obtains smaller value when larger dielectric constant of the cell membrane and intracellular medium,and smaller conductivity for the intracellular medium are used.Furthermore,the effect of cell deformation is estimated by analyzing the capacitance per unit area,the density of field energy,and the change of ion concentration on one side of cell membrane.The intensity of external applied electric field is further increased to detect the change of ion concentration.And the biophysical effect in the cell is discussed.So the deformation effect of cells in electric field should be considered when regulating and preventing harm to normal neural activities occurs in a nervous system. 相似文献
102.
103.
Sang‐Mi Park Kyoung‐Soo Yook Woo‐Hyung Lee Yongtaek Hong Jun‐Yeob Lee In‐Nam Kang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(23):5111-5117
Two new thermally crosslinkable hole‐transporting polymers, X‐PTPA and X‐PCz, were synthesized via Yamamoto coupling reactions. The number‐averaged molecular weights (Mn) of X‐PTPA and X‐PCz were found to be 45,000 and 48,000, respectively, and therewith, polydispersity indices were of 1.8 and 1.7, respectively. Thermally crosslinked X‐PTPA and X‐PCz exhibit excellent solvent resistance and stable optoelectronic properties. The UV–visible maximum absorption peaks of X‐PTPA and X‐PCz in the thin film state are at 389 and 322 nm, respectively. The HOMO levels of X‐PTPA and X‐PCz are estimated to be ?5.27 and ?5.39 eV, respectively. Multilayered devices (ITO/crosslinked X‐PTPA or X‐PCz/SY‐PPV/LiF/Al) were fabricated with SY (SuperYellow) as the emitting layer. The maximum efficiency of the multilayered device with a crosslinked X‐PTPA layer is approximately three times higher than that of the device without a crosslinked X‐PTPA layer and much higher than that of the crosslinked X‐PCz device. This result can be explained by the observations that crosslinked X‐PTPA produces increased electron accumulation within the emitter, SY, and also efficient exciton formation due to improved charge balance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 5111–5117 相似文献
104.
Jun Kawahara Peter Andersson Ersman David Nilsson Kazuya Katoh Yasukazu Nakata Mats Sandberg Marie Nilsson Göran Gustafsson Magnus Berggren 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2013,51(4):265-271
A flexible electrochromic active matrix addressed display, including 8 × 8 pixels, is demonstrated by using solution processing based on standard printing and coating manufacturing techniques. Each organic electrochromic display (OECD) pixel and its corresponding organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) are located on different sides of the flexible PET substrate. Electronic vias generated through the plastic substrate connects each OECD pixel with one addressing OECT. When comparing this display with actively addressed OECDs with all its components located on the same side, the present approach based on this electronic via substrate provides an enhanced pixel resolution and a relatively more simplified manufacturing process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012 相似文献
105.
Isovaleroyl oxokadsurane, a novel dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan pos-sessing a spirobenzofuranoid skeleton was isolated from the stems of Kadsura coccinea.Its structure and relative configuration were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. 相似文献
106.
Donglai Lu Jun Wang Limin Wang Dan Du Charles Timchalk Richard Barry Yuehe Lin 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(22):4371-4378
A novel disposable electrochemical immunosensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of organophosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase (OP‐BChE), a specific biomarker for exposure to toxic organophosphorus agents, is presented. In this new approach, zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2) were employed to selectively capture the OP moiety of OP‐BChE adducts, followed by quantum dot (QD)‐tagged anti‐BChE antibodies for amplified quantification. The captured CdSe‐QD tags can be sensitively detected by stripping voltammetry using an in situ bismuth‐plating method. The OP agent, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), was selected to prepare OP‐BChE adducts in various matrices. The formation of OP‐BChE adducts in plasma sample was confirmed using mass spectroscopy. The developed electrochemical immunosensor demonstrates a highly linear voltammetric response over the range of 0.1 to 30 nM OP‐BChE, with a detection limit of 0.03 nM (based on signal/noise = 3), coupled with a good reproducibility (relative standard deviation 4.5%). Moreover, the immunosensor has been validated with biomonitoring of OP‐BChE adducts in the plasma samples. This novel nanoparticle‐based electrochemical immunosensor thus provides an alternative way for designing a sensitive and cost‐effective sensing platform for on‐site screening/evaluating exposure to a variety of OP agents. 相似文献
107.
An electrochemical method has been developed to analyze dye absorption on the aligned carbon nanofiber arrays coated with TiO2 nanoneedles for dyesensitized solar cell. The unique nanostructure with the roughness factor of 90.6 provides a large effective surface area for dye adsorption. The experimental results showed that the dye molecules cover 39.7% of the TiO2 surface area which influences the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell. The electrochemical method provides the information of the coverage of dye molecules which is a key issue to optimize solar cell performance. 相似文献
108.
In the first editorial of this two-part special issue, we pointed out that one of the biggest trends in wireless broadband, radar, sonar, and broadcasting technology is software RF processing and digital front-end [1]. This 相似文献
109.
Dr. Chi Kyung Kim Taeho Kim In‐Young Choi Min Soh Dr. Dohoung Kim Young‐Ju Kim Dr. Hyunduk Jang Hye‐Sung Yang Dr. Jun Yup Kim Dr. Hong‐Kyun Park Dr. Seung Pyo Park Sangseung Park Dr. Taekyung Yu Prof. Byung‐Woo Yoon Prof. Seung‐Hoon Lee Prof. Taeghwan Hyeon 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2012,51(44):11172-11172
110.