全文获取类型
收费全文 | 40031篇 |
免费 | 4641篇 |
国内免费 | 3770篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 21159篇 |
晶体学 | 374篇 |
力学 | 1434篇 |
综合类 | 256篇 |
数学 | 3555篇 |
物理学 | 9387篇 |
无线电 | 12277篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 120篇 |
2023年 | 725篇 |
2022年 | 990篇 |
2021年 | 1292篇 |
2020年 | 1209篇 |
2019年 | 1205篇 |
2018年 | 1038篇 |
2017年 | 1075篇 |
2016年 | 1447篇 |
2015年 | 1565篇 |
2014年 | 1883篇 |
2013年 | 2484篇 |
2012年 | 2942篇 |
2011年 | 3116篇 |
2010年 | 2353篇 |
2009年 | 2400篇 |
2008年 | 2616篇 |
2007年 | 2472篇 |
2006年 | 2240篇 |
2005年 | 1963篇 |
2004年 | 1527篇 |
2003年 | 1272篇 |
2002年 | 1239篇 |
2001年 | 1032篇 |
2000年 | 897篇 |
1999年 | 827篇 |
1998年 | 723篇 |
1997年 | 662篇 |
1996年 | 671篇 |
1995年 | 561篇 |
1994年 | 522篇 |
1993年 | 473篇 |
1992年 | 446篇 |
1991年 | 375篇 |
1990年 | 322篇 |
1989年 | 239篇 |
1988年 | 207篇 |
1987年 | 144篇 |
1986年 | 164篇 |
1985年 | 177篇 |
1984年 | 117篇 |
1983年 | 75篇 |
1982年 | 81篇 |
1981年 | 59篇 |
1980年 | 58篇 |
1979年 | 62篇 |
1978年 | 49篇 |
1976年 | 46篇 |
1974年 | 48篇 |
1973年 | 47篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
Enhancement of underfill capillary flow in flip-chip packaging by means of the inertia effect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chao-Ming Lin 《Advanced Packaging, IEEE Transactions on》2004,27(3):533-539
This paper describes how the use of inertia forces induced by the rotation of a working disk may be adopted to increase the fill rate of the flip-chip packaging process and thereby reduce the process cycle time. It is shown how the driving forces resulting from the inertia effect are determined by the Weber number. The constant and varying contact angle models are compared under a specified set of process conditions. The calculated flow behavior results indicate that the relationship between the contact angle, the average fluid velocity, the liquid-air interface position, and the filling time depends upon the Weber number. The constant and varying contact angle models are utilized in the analysis of a new processing method referred to as rotation-enhanced underfill packaging (REUP). The inertia effect induced by the angular motion of the working disk is shown to enhance the flow of the underfill encapsulant and to reduce the time of the underfill process. The present results confirm that the rotation of the working disk leads to an increased underfill capillary flow rate, which is beneficial in reducing the production cycle time of the flip-chip packaging process. 相似文献
22.
Lianshan Yan Yeh C. Yang G. Lin L. Chen Z. Shi Y.Q. Willner A.E. Yao X.S. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2003,21(7):1676-1684
We demonstrate the first programmable group-delay module based on polarization switching. With a unique binary tuning mechanism, the device can generate any differential group delay value from -45 to +45 ps with a resolution of 1.40 ps, or any true-time-delay value from 0 to 45 ps with a resolution of 0.7 ps. The delay varying speeds for both applications are under 1 ms and can be as fast as 0.1 ms. We evaluate both the dynamic and static performances of the device while paying special attention to its dynamic figures of merit for polarization-mode dispersion emulation and compensation applications. Our experiment shows that the device exhibits a negligible transient-effect induced power penalty (<0.2 dB) in a 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero system. 相似文献
23.
A highly linear electrooptic modulator has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The design of this modulator consists of only a simple modification to the directional coupler. Two-tone testing has demonstrated that, for an optical modulation depth of 30% per channel, the third-order intermodulation distortion is more than 30 dB lower than that of the conventional directional coupler or Mach-Zehnder modulators. This improvement was not observed to be accompanied by any increase in second harmonic distortion. Also included are results of two-tone computer simulations which predict the improvement in linearity of this device for a range of modulation depths.<> 相似文献
24.
25.
Several distributed power control algorithms that can achieve carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) balancing with probability one have been proposed previously for cellular mobile systems. In these algorithms, only local information is used to adjust transmitting power. However, a normalization procedure is required in each iteration to determine transmitting power and, thus, these algorithms are not fully distributed. In this paper, we present a distributed power control algorithm which does not need the normalization procedure. We show that the proposed algorithm can achieve CIR balancing with probability one. Moreover, numerical results reveal our proposed scheme performs better than the algorithm presented in Grandhi et al. [1994]. The excellent performance and the fully distributed property make our proposed algorithm a good choice for cellular mobile systems 相似文献
26.
Novel high voltage pumping circuits for low supply voltages are proposed. Utilising a small pumping circuit and the new substrate-connected techniques can enhance charge transfer efficiency and eliminate the body effect at low supply voltages. Furthermore, a diode-connected transistor technique can improve the reverse charge sharing phenomenon when the output has a load current. With this technique high boosted voltages can be obtained at low supply voltages 相似文献
27.
In this research, a simple, sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of humic acid (HA) in water samples was first developed based on the redox reaction between humic acid and cerium(IV) in the acidic condition. Different with the former redox CL reaction which occurred in alkaline solution, no enhancers were needed and neither precipitation nor a second contamination would occur in the present CL system. Comparing with other spectrometric methods, we find that the proposed analysis system had better applicability and accuracy. Under the optimal experiment conditions, the CL peak height was linear with the concentration of HA in the range of 0.03 to 10.0 microg mL(-1). The detection limit is 0.01 microg mL(-1) (S/N = 3), and the relative standard deviation was 2.3% for 0.5 microg mL(-1) HA solution with eleven repeated measurements. The present CL method was successfully applied to the determination of HA in tap water, spring water and river water samples with good recovery from 90.0 to 110.0%. A possible CL mechanism was proposed based on the results of UV and fluorescence spectrometry and the CL spectrum of HA. It was speculated that the semi-quinone radicals in the excited state were the emitters. 相似文献
28.
Xiao‐Hui Liu Yan‐Guo Li Ying Lin Yue‐Sheng Li 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(7):1272-1281
The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) mediated by 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate was first applied to synthesize polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a high molecular weight up to 32,800 and a polydispersity index as low as 1.29. The key to success was ascribed to the optimization of the experimental conditions to increase the fragmentation reaction efficiency of the intermediate radical. In accordance with the atom transfer radical polymerization of AN, ethylene carbonate was also a better solvent candidate for providing higher controlled/living RAFT polymerization behaviors than dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The various experimental parameters, including the temperature, the molar ratio of dithiobenzoate to the initiator, the molar ratio of the monomer to dithiobenzoate, the monomer concentration, and the addition of the comonomer, were varied to improve the control of the molecular weight and polydispersity index. The molecular weights of PANs were validated by gel permeation chromatography along with a universal calibration procedure and intrinsic viscosity measurements. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the high chain‐end functionality of the resultant polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1272–1281, 2007 相似文献
29.
An empirical formula for the prediction of rain attenuation infrequency range 0.6 - 100 GHz 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Der-Phone Lin Hsing-Yi Chen 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2002,50(4):545-551
An empirical formula for calculating the extinction cross section (ECS) by raindrops over a broad frequency range is first derived based on extensive calculations made on a widely varying in mean radius of modified Pruppacher and Pitter (MPP) raindrop models ranging from 0.25 to 3.5 mm. The expansion coefficients in the empirical formula are determined by least-squares curve fitting of numerical data obtained by the volume integral equation formulation (VIEF). The formula satisfies the frequency and raindrop size dependence. Numerical results obtained from the empirical formula for calculating the ECS are generally in good agreement with those calculated by the VIEF for raindrops with mean radius varying from 0.25 to 3.5 mm in the frequency range from 0.6 to 100 GHz. The average error in the ECS is less than 10%. The formula thus provides a simple and inexpensive method for calculating the ECS of raindrops, which otherwise requires complicated and expensive methods of calculation. By implementing this empirical formula of ECS into the rain attenuation equation, a new numerically empirical formula for calculating the specific rain attenuation is also proposed. The validity of the empirical formula for calculating the specific rain attenuation is also checked by comparing the obtained results of specific rain attenuation with those obtained from Li et al.'s (1995) solution, Yeo et al.'s (1993) measurement, and Olsen et al.'s (1978) power-law equation 相似文献
30.