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141.
The reaction between the Sn-Ag-Cu solders and Ni at 250°C for 10 min and 25 h was studied. Nine different Sn-Ag-Cu solders,
with the Ag concentration fixed at 3.9 wt.% and Cu concentrations varied between 0.0–3.0 wt.%, were used. When the reaction
time was 10 min, the reactions strongly depended on the Cu concentration. At low-Cu concentrations (≦0.2 wt.%), only a continuous
(Ni1−xCux)3Sn4 layer formed at the interface. When the Cu concentration increased to 0.4 wt.%, a continuous (Ni1−xCux)3Sn4 layer and a small amount of discontinuous (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 particles formed at the interface. When the Cu concentration increased to 0.5 wt.%, the amount of (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 increased and (Cu1−yNi6)6Sn5 became a continuous layer. Beneath this (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 layer was a very thin but continuous layer of (Ni1−xCux)3Sn4. At higher Cu concentrations (0.6–3.0 wt.%), (Ni1−xCux)3Sn4 disappeared, and only (Cu1−yNiy)6Sn5 was present. The reactions at 25 h also depended strongly on the Cu concentration, proving that the strong concentration
dependence was not a transient phenomenon limited to a short reaction time. The findings of this study were rationalized using
the Cu-Ni-Sn isotherm. This study shows that precise control over the Cu concentration in solders is needed to produce consistent
results. 相似文献
142.
143.
相位差与q变形广义相干叠加态的压缩特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于q变形的非简谐振子广义相干态的叠加态β〉+eiφβeiδ〉,其量子涨落的可能高阶压缩阶数可以表示为k≠2πn/δ,这里n是整数.当δ=π时,压缩阶数不能是偶数即只能是奇数,这正是q变形非简谐振子广义奇偶相干态的结果.由此表明参数相位差δ对决定q变形的非简谐振子广义相干态叠加态的高阶压缩阶数起决定性作用. 相似文献
144.
新疆野生黑加仑与马林果实的营养成分分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对新疆野生黑加仑和野生马林的脂肪油,8种微量元素,17种氨基酸以及维生素C的含量进行测定得出:黑加仑脂肪油含量为17.9%,马林的脂肪油含量为22.3%,其中,黑加仑脂肪油中,r-亚麻酸的含量为19.02%,而马林中,其含量为9.40%,黑加仑中K,Na,Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe的含量比马林中的含量高,而Mn,Mg元素的含量却比马林含量低;马林的维生素C含量为16.22mg/g,黑加仑的含量为108mg/g,黑加仑的氨基酸的总量为1.63%,马林为1.14%。 相似文献
145.
Chai-Chin Lin Chih-Ming Chen Jenn-Hwan Tarng Hsueh-Ming Hang Hsiao-Cheng Yu 《Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on》2002,48(1):38-43
Field tests of the transmission performance of the ATSC DTV system have been conducted in Taiwan. The test results as well as comparisons against the NTSC system performance are reported and analyzed. From the measured results the reception characteristics of the DTV can be deduced and can provide guidelines for television stations to design the transmission system, schedule equipment deployment, plan service coverage areas, and improve the reception quality of the digital signal 相似文献
146.
Yi-Shiue Lin 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(16):5892-5899
Dissociative adsorption of CCl4 on TiO2 at 35 °C has been studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance. CCl4 decompose to form CO, CO2, and CO3 on the surface, at such a low temperature, in which CO2 formation is not from CO oxidation on TiO2, but CO3 can be produced by CO and CO2 adsorption. The Cl generated from CCl4 decomposition is left on the surface and bonded to titanium ions. Mineralization of CCl4 on TiO2 involves the lattice oxygens. Thermodynamical driving force and possible reaction routes for CO and CO2 formation in the CCl4 decomposition on TiO2 are discussed. 相似文献
147.
QRS feature extraction using linear prediction 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
This communication proposes a method called linear prediction (a high performant technique in digital speech processing) for analyzing digital ECG signals. There are several significant properties indicating that ECG signals have an important feature in the residual error signal obtained after processing by Durbin's linear prediction algorithm. This communication also indicates that the prediction order need not be more than two for fast arrhythmia detection. The ECG signal classification puts an emphasis on the residual error signal. For each ECG's QRS complex, the feature for recognition is obtained from a nonlinear transformation which transforms every residual error signal to a set of three states pulse-code train relative to the original ECG signal. The pulse-code train has the advantage of easy implementation in digital hardware circuits to achieve automated ECG diagnosis. The algorithm performs very well in feature extraction in arrhythmia detection. Using this method, our studies indicate that the PVC (premature ventricular contraction) detection has at least a 92 percent sensitivity for MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. 相似文献
148.
We have prepared composite magnetic core–shell particles using the process of soap-free emulsion polymerization and the co-precipitation method. The shell of the synthesized composite sphere is cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles and the core consists of poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) polymer. The mean crystallite sizes of the coated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were controlled in the range of 2.4–6.7 nm by the concentration of [NH4+] and heated temperature. The magnetic properties of the core–shell spherical particles can go from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior depending on the crystalline sizes of CoFe2O4. 相似文献
149.
The major goal of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that stock returns and return volatility are asymmetric, threshold nonlinear, functions of change in trading volume. A minor goal is to examine whether return spillover effects also display such asymmetry. Employing a double-threshold GARCH model with trading volume as a threshold variable, we find strong evidence supporting this hypothesis in five international market return series. Asymmetric causality tests lend further support to our trading volume threshold model and conclusions. Specifically, an increase in volume is positively associated, while decreasing volume is negatively associated, with the major price index in four of the five markets. The volatility of each series also displays an asymmetric reaction, four of the markets display higher volatility following increases in trading volume. Using posterior odds ratio, the proposed threshold model is strongly favored in three of the five markets, compared to a US news double threshold GARCH model and a symmetric GARCH model. We also find significant nonlinear asymmetric return spillover effects from the US market. 相似文献
150.
Analysis of a type of nonsmooth dynamical systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guofeng Zhang Guanrong Chen Tongwen Chen Yanping Lin 《Chaos, solitons, and fractals》2006,30(5):1153-1164
In this paper, a class of nonsmooth dynamical systems is analyzed. Extensive simulations reveal the chaotic behavior in these systems. By introducing a parameter, a chain of systems with one end being a linear stable system and the other being a chaotic system is constructed. Then the phase transition process through the chain is investigated as the parameter varies. Difficulties involved in analyzing this class of systems are also discussed. 相似文献