Preparation of porous materials with ordered hole structure

This review paper investigates the synthesis of porous structures with controlled hole pattern and provides an overall view of the various factors involved when synthesizing such porous materials. The following factors are discussed: 1) various methods of synthesis to produce the porous structures; 2) materials which the porous structures are made of; 3) control of the pore structure; 4) various applications of such porous materials. The materials of the porous structures and the control of the pore structure will also be discussed separately under each different method, as these two factors are closely dependent on the method of fabrication.     

Lossless aggregation: a scheme for transmitting multiple stored VBRvideo streams over a shared communications channel without loss of imagequality

This paper introduces a new concept called lossless aggregation for the transmission of video information. It is a scheme for the delivery of variable bit-rate (VBR) video streams from a video server to a group of users over a shared channel. No data are dropped at the source during the adaptation process that reshapes the VBR video traffic to conform to the channel bit-rate characteristics. The transmission schedules of individual video streams evolve in a dynamic way that depends on their relative traffic characteristics. Receiver buffer underflow and overflow are prevented. Therefore, the data delivery process does not cause any loss of image quality. We show that very significant receiver-buffer reduction can be achieved with aggregation compared with the independent transmission of individual video streams over separate channels. Several bandwidth allocation methods for aggregation are studied extensively. The frame equalization algorithm stands out in terms of its simplicity and optimality     

Projecting interconnect electromigration lifetime for arbitrarycurrent waveforms

A vacancy-relaxation model is proposed. It predicts the DC lifetime, pulse DC (arbitrary unidirectional waveform) lifetime, pure AC lifetime, and AC-plus-DC-bias lifetime for all waveforms and all frequencies above 1 kHz. The predictions are verified by experiments and significantly raise the projected lifetimes beyond the widely assumed A_dc T/J_rms^m. The pure AC lifetimes of aluminum interconnect are experimentally found to be more than 10³ times larger than DC lifetime for the same current density. In addition, AC stress lifetimes are observed to follow the same dependences on current magnitude and temperature, for T<300°C, as the DC stress lifetime     

Hydrogen bond driven chemical reactions: Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime into epsilon-caprolactam in supercritical water

Recent experiments have shown that supercritical water (SCW) has the ability to accelerate and make selective synthetic organic reactions, thus replacing the common but environmentally harmful acid and basic catalysts. In an attempt to understand the intimate mechanism behind this observation, we analyze, via first-principles molecular dynamics, the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime into epsilon-caprolactam in supercritical water, for which accurate experimental evidence has been reported. Differences in the wetting of the hydrophilic parts of the solute, enhanced by SCW, and the disrupted hydrogen bond network are shown to be crucial in triggering the reaction and in making it selective. Furthermore, the enhanced concentrations of H(+) in SCW play an important role in starting the reaction.     

Systematic redundant residue number system codes: analytical upper bound and iterative decoding performance over AWGN and Rayleigh channels

The novel family of redundant residue number system (RRNS) codes is studied. RRNS codes constitute maximum-minimum distance block codes, exhibiting identical distance properties to Reed-Solomon codes. Binary to RRNS symbol-mapping methods are proposed, in order to implement both systematic and nonsystematic RRNS codes. Furthermore, the upper-bound performance of systematic RRNS codes is investigated, when maximum-likelihood (ML) soft decoding is invoked. The classic Chase algorithm achieving near-ML soft decoding is introduced for the first time for RRNS codes, in order to decrease the complexity of the ML soft decoding. Furthermore, the modified Chase algorithm is employed to accept soft inputs, as well as to provide soft outputs, assisting in the turbo decoding of RRNS codes by using the soft-input/soft-output Chase algorithm.     

Burst-by-burst adaptive turbo-coded radial basis function-assisteddecision feedback equalization

The performance of the proposed radial basis function (RBF) assisted turbo-coded adaptive modulation scheme is characterized in a wideband channel scenario. We commence by introducing the novel concept of the Jacobian RBF equalizer, which is a reduced-complexity version of the conventional RBF equalizer. Specifically, the Jacobian logarithmic RBF equalizer generates its output in the logarithmic domain and hence it can be used to provide soft outputs for the turbo-channel decoder. We propose using the average magnitude of the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the bits in the received transmission burst before channel decoding as the channel quality measure for controlling the mode-switching regime of our adaptive scheme     

Improved protein deproteinization method for the determination of meloxicam in human plasma and application in pharmacokinetic study

A simple, rapid, specific and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatographic assay of meloxicam in human plasma has been developed using a C₁₈ reversed‐phase analytical column. Reversed‐phase chromatography was conducted using a mobile phase of 0.02 potassium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted to pH 2.7 with phosphoric acid)–acetonitrile–triethylamine (35:65:0.05, v/v) with UV detection at 354 nm. The drug in human plasma was deproteinized using a combination of methanol and chloroform. This method is simple, rapid and consistent with a high recovery of meloxicam in human plasma ranging from 93.29 to 111.09%. Regression analysis for the calibration plot for plasma standards obtained for the drug concentrations between (25–4000) ng/mL indicated excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9997). The proposed method was applied to study the bioequivalence between Mobic (original) and Melocam (generic) products. The study was conducted on using two tablets (4 × 7.5 mg) of each of the commercial product and the reference standard in a two‐way open randomized crossover design involving 20 volunteers. Area under the concentration–time curve, peak concentration (C_max) and time to reach C_max were 72,868.61 ng h/mL, 2133.93 ng/mL and 4.06 h for Mobic, and 78,352.52 ng h/mL, 2525.18 ng/mL and 3.61 h for Melocam. Two C_max were discovered in the pharmacokinetic profiles which confirm enterohepatic recirculation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Testing ATLAS diboson excess with dark matter searches at LHC

Journal of High Energy Physics - Recently an orthogonal basis of $$ {\mathcal{W}}_N $$ -algebra (AFLT basis) labeled by N-tuple Young diagrams was found in the context of 4D/2D duality. Recursion...     

Corrosion on continuous supercritical water oxidation for polychlorinated biphenyls

Abstract

The corrosion resistance of Hastelloy C-276 and titanium alloy G5 against C1 anion which was generated by supercritical water oxidation (scWO) of 3-chlorobiphenyl (3-PCB) in a flow reactor was investigated over a period of 336 hours at a constant pressure of 30 MPa. The condition of the scWO reaction zone was fixed at 750 K. The concentration of chlorine in the effluent collected after cooling to ambient temperature was about 850 wppm. The Hastelloy C-276 has a nominal ratio of approximately 3.7 Ni/l Cr. The Ni/Cr ratio in the effluent was the same with the nominal ratio, and the Hastelloy C-276 was proved to be corroded on the surface located between the bottom of the reactor and the cooling parts, which are under sub- and near- critical conditions of water. The corrosion rate was found to be 5 to 34mm/y in the zone where the temperature ranged from 543 K to 650 K and the corrosion spread over the whole surface of the alloy; however, one can hardly observe such a serious corrosion except the zone located in the between the reactor and the cooling part.