Exact solution of a vertex model ind dimensions

We consider a class of vertex models describing directed lines on a lattice in arbitraryd dimensions, and solve the model exactly for the Cartesian lattice and in the case that each loop of lines carries a fugacity - 1. Our analysis, which can be carried out for arbitrary lattices, is based on an equivalence of the vertex model with a dimer problem. The dimer problem is, in turn, solved using the method of Pfaffians. It is found that the system is frozen below a critical temperatureT _cwith the critical exponent = (3 –d)/2.     

SLIM revisited

SLIM (spectroscopic localization by imaging), a tool for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy that provides compartmental spectra from relatively few phase-encoded data, is limited by the inhomogeneities within each compartment. It is shown that the SLIM-derived spectra approach the average compartmental spectra as the number of phase encoded data approaches infinity, and the convergent rate of the error for each compartment is proportional to the size of the compartment. Numerical simulation studies are conducted to confirm the convergence property. A detailed discussion of the result is provided.     

Photolysis of NSAIDs. I. photodegradation products of carprofen determined by LC-ESI-MS

A solution of carprofen in methanol at a concentration of 2.74 x 10(-2) mg/mL is subjected to photoirradiation using a Hanovia 200-W high-pressure Hg lamp for 9 h. In total, seven photodegradation products are separated, and their quasimolecular ions are subsequently determined online using a liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) method. The high-performance LC consists of an Inertsil 5 ODS-80A (2.1- x 150-mm) column. The mobile phase is initially CH(3)CN. NH(4)OAc (20mM in de-ionized H(2)O) is 43:57 (v/v), and after 14 min it is CH(3)CN. NH(4)OAc (20mM in de-ionized H2O) is 54: 46 (v/v). The UV detector was set at 260 nm. The parameters of LC-MS for mass determination involves an atmospheric pressure ionization electron spray interface with a negative mode of polarity (ESI(-)). The chemical structures of the degradants are elucidated based on the mass-to-charge ratio of the quasimolecular ions and the molecular weight changes by comparison with the parent drug (carprofen). The degradation proceeds via an initial dechlorination. A dechlorination or esterification reaction is competed with decarboxylation. This finding is in accordance with our previously reported result of first order photodecomposition kinetics for carprofen.     

Oxidative reactivity of S-nitrosoglutathione with Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine

[formula: see text] S-Nitrosoglutathione oxidized 4-substituted Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines in CH3CN/H2O or CH3CN/phosphate aqueous buffer solution to give aromatic products in various yields.     

A metallo-capped polyrotaxane containing calix[4]arenes and cyclodextrins and its highly selective binding for Ca2+

A water-soluble nanometer-scale metallocapped polyrotaxane has been prepared by the inclusion complexation of azo-calixarenes with metallo-bridged bis(beta-CD)s, displaying highly selective binding for Ca(2+).     

Novel solid-phase synthesis of 1,2-dialkoxyindoles

[reaction: see text] A novel solid-phase synthesis of 1,2-dialkoxyindoles on SynPhase lanterns is described. A unique C-C bond formation involving a nucleophilic displacement of a solid-bound aryl fluorine by dimethyl malonate afforded the arylnitro methyl ester, which upon treatment with tin(II) chloride dihydrate gave the N-hydroxyindolone. Alkylation of the N-hydroxyindolones afforded the corresponding N-hydroxy-2-alkoxyindoles, which were further alkylated to give the 1,2-dialkoxyindole. A library of 64 (8R(1) x 8R(2)) discrete 1,2-dialkoxyindoles was prepared using a color encoding technique on SynPhase A-series lanterns.     

Synthesis and formulation of vinyl-containing polyacids for improved light-cured glass-ionomer cements

Vinyl-containing poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) copolymers were synthesized and used to formulate light-curable cements containing reactive glass fillers (Fuji II LC). The conditions for light curing were studied and optimized. Effects of molecular weight (MW), grafting ratio, comonomer, liquid composition, powder/liquid (P/L) ratio, glass powder and aging were evaluated. The results show that the vinyl-containing glass-ionomer cements (GICs) prepared in this study exhibit higher compressive strength (CS, 225.6 MPa), diametral tensile strength (DTS, 28.4 MPa) and much higher flexural strength (FS, 116.4 MPa), as compared to commercial Fuji II LC GIC (186.6 in CS, 19.1 in DTS and 57.1 in FS). The optimal light-exposure time was found to be around 10 min, and concentrations of CQ and DC were 0.5% (by weight) and 1.0%, respectively. Effects of MW, grafting ratio, P/L ratio and content of polymer in the liquid formulation were significant. The highest strengths were found for the optimal formulations where the MW was 15,000 (weight average), grafting ratio 25 mol%, P/L ratio 2.7 and liquid composition 50:20:30. During aging, the cement showed an increase of strength over the first week and then no change for a month. SEM analysis suggests that more integrated microstructures and smaller glass particles can lead to higher FS and higher polymer content in GICs leads to tough fracture surface and plastic deformation.     

Synthesis of N-methyl-3-aza[10] paracyclophane: A rigid analog of phenethylamine

The synthesis of N-methyl-3-aza[10]paracyclophane is reported which represents the first example of this ring system being formed via an acyloin reaction. This 3-aza[10]paraeyclophane ring system behaves physiochemically inbetween the normal [9]- and [10]paracyclophane ring systems. Reductive desulfurization of N-methyl-3-aza[10]paracyclophane-6-ethylene thioketal in ethanol provides a small amount of the title compound and an unexpected, ring-opened product, N-ethyl-N-methyl-p-heptylphenethylamine. A possible mechanism for the ring-opening process is suggested.