Efficient computation of natural convection in a concentric annulus between an outer square cylinder and an inner circular cylinder

In this work, the natural convection in a concentric annulus between a cold outer square cylinder and a heated inner circular cylinder is simulated using the differential quadrature (DQ) method. The vorticity‐stream function formulation is used as the governing equation, and the coordinate transformation technique is introduced in the DQ computation. It is shown in this paper that the outer square boundary can be approximated by a super elliptic function. As a result, the coordinate transformation from the physical domain to the computational domain is set up by an analytical expression, and all the geometrical parameters can be computed exactly. Numerical results for Rayleigh numbers range from 104 to 106 and aspect ratios between 1.67 and 5.0 are presented, which are in a good agreement with available data in the literature. It is found that both the aspect ratio and the Rayleigh number are critical to the patterns of flow and thermal fields. The present study suggests that a critical aspect ratio may exist at high Rayleigh number to distinguish the flow and thermal patterns. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型可调谐锁模光纤激光器

利用法布里-珀罗腔的激光二极管作为调制器件，实现环形腔光纤激光器的主动锁模。并利用法布里-珀罗腔的激光二极管的多纵模特性，把激光二极管当作一梳状滤波器，通过偏振控制器来调整入射到激光二极管内光的偏振态，同时均衡腔内增益，得到波长大范围可调谐的锁模激光，其脉冲宽度约为48ps，脉冲重复速率2GHz。     

非参数回归函数估计的渐近正态性

本文研究了独立或相依样本时非参数回归函数的Ｎａｄａｒａｙａ-Ｗａｔｓｏｎ估计，在简洁合理的条件下，证明了估计量的渐近正态性．获得的结论可在时间序列分析中得到应用．     

Waveband-switchable SOA ring laser constructed with a phase modulator loop mirror filter

An electrically tunable multiwavelength source has been developed using a birefringence-based optical comb filter in a semiconductor optical amplifier ring laser. The filter is constructed with an electrooptic phase modulator placed inside a fiber loop mirror. By controlling the birefringence of the modulator through the applied bias, the radio-frequency power, or the modulation frequency, we achieve a continuous shift of the spectral comb to access different interleaved wavebands. Electrical waveband switching has been successfully demonstrated for 21 wavelengths at 100-GHz grid spacing with an optical signal-to-noise ratio over 40 dB.     

Impact of nonlinear phase noise on direct-detection DQPSK WDM systems

The performance degradation of differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems due to self-phase modulation (SPM)- and cross-phase modulation (XPM)-induced nonlinear phase noise is evaluated in this letter. The XPM-induced nonlinear phase noise is approximated as Gaussian distribution and summed together with the SPM-induced nonlinear phase noise. We demonstrate that 10-Gb/s systems, whose walkoff length is larger than 40-Gb/s systems', are more sensitive to XPM-induced nonlinear phase noise than 40-Gb/s systems. Furthermore, DQPSK WDM systems show lower tolerance to both SPM- and XPM-induced nonlinear phase noise than differential phase-shift keying WDM systems.     

Ultra-wideband bandpass filter with hybrid microstrip/CPW structure

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) is presented using the hybrid microstrip and coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. A CPW nonuniform resonator or multiple-mode resonator (MMR) is constructed to produce its first three resonant modes occurring around the lower end, center, and higher end of the UWB band. Then, a microstrip/CPW surface-to-surface coupled line is formed and modeled to allocate the enhanced coupling peak around the center of this UWB band, i.e., 6.85GHz. As such, a five-pole UWB BPF is built up and realized with the passband covering the entire UWB band (3.1-10.6GHz). A predicted frequency response is finally verified by the experiment. In addition, the designed UWB filter, with a single resonator, only occupies one full-wavelength in length or 16.9mm.     

Passively Q -switched Ytterbium-Doped Double-Clad Fiber Laser With a Cr4+:YAG Saturable Absorber

A high-power and high-repetition-rate passively Q -switched ytterbium-doped single-mode double-clad fiber laser was built using a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber (SA). Two different SAs with initial transmissions of T_omicron = 30% and T_omicron = 50% were studied. At the maximum coupled pump power of 9.8 W, an output power of 4.7 W, pulse duration of 143 ns, pulse repetition rate of 253 KHz, pulse energy of 18.5 muJ, and slope efficiency of 49% were obtained with the T_omicron = 30% SA.     

Synthesis and characterization of a polyfluorene containing carbazole and oxadiazole dipolar pendent groups and its application to electroluminescent devices

We have synthesized a blue‐light‐emitting polyfluorene (PF) derivative ( PF‐CBZ‐OXD ) that presents bulky hole‐transporting carbazole and electron‐transporting oxadiazole pendent groups functionalized at the C‐9 positions of alternating fluorene units. The results from photoluminescence and electrochemical measurements indicate that both the side chains and the PF main chain retain their own electronic characteristics in the copolymer. An electroluminescent device incorporating this polymer as the emitting layer was turned on at 4.5 V; it exhibited a stable blue emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.1%. Moreover, we doped PF‐CBZ‐OXD and its analogue PF‐TPA‐OXD with a red‐light‐emitting iridium phosphor for use as components of phosphorescent red‐light emitters to investigate the effect of the host's HOMO energy level on the degree of charge trapping and on the electrophosphorescent efficiency. We found that spectral overlap and individual energy level matching between the host and guest were both crucial features affecting the performance of the electroluminescence devices. Atomic force microscopy measurements indicated that the dipolar nature of PF‐CBZ‐OXD , in contrast to the general nonpolarity of polydialkylfluorenes, provided a stabilizing environment that allowed homogeneous dispersion of the polar iridium triplet dopant. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2925–2937, 2007