基于肠道菌群探讨葛根芩连汤治疗湿热型2型糖尿病研究进展*

摘 要: 近年来世界范围内2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus type 2,T2DM)的发病率不断上升。微生态学研究证实,T2DM疾病的发生与肠道菌群数量及比例的失调有很大的关联性,这成为研究热点。现有实验发现:肠道菌群紊乱可通过短链脂肪酸学说、胆汁酸代谢学说、内毒素学说、支链氨基酸学说等机制来影响T2DM的发生发展。湿热证T2DM患者在临床最为常见,该类患者胰岛素抵抗最为严重,而动物实验研究发现葛根芩连汤可通过特定的分子机制及通路作用于肠道菌群,通过调节胰岛β细胞的功能、提高胰岛素敏感性、减轻氧化应激反应,从而调节血糖,减轻胰岛素抵抗,为临床治疗T2DM患者提供更科学的依据。但由于菌群数量庞杂,现有数据多偏重于动物实验,且研究菌群特异性不足,为此今后需进一步加强对T2DM特定菌群的研究,以及增加临床大样本数据统计。     

Research on the design of metalens with achromatic and amplitude modulation

Metalenses are two-dimensional planar metamaterial lenses, which have the advantages of high efficiency and easy integration. However, most metalenses cannot modulate the light intensity, which limits their applications. To deal with it, taking advantage of flexible regulation of the beam amplitude and phase by the metalens, the geometric phase method is selected to design the dual-function metalens. It can effectively eliminate chromatic aberration in a visible light band from 535 nm to 600 nm and achieve amplitude modulation. After transmitting the metalens, the amplitudes of the beam respectively turn into 0.2 and 0.9. In this way, the amount of transmission of metalens in the preset band can be quantitatively controlled. According to the distribution characteristics of light diffraction intensity, the metalens designed can play a dual modulation role of achromatism and interference double-beam equilibrium in the paper, to meet the needs of miniaturization and integration of the optical system. The achromatic and amplitude-modulated metalens will have great application potential in optical holographic imaging and super-resolution focusing.     

Reflectivity measurement technology of special high reflective mirrors and uncertainty analysis of measurement results

In order to meet the reflectivity measurement requirements of any incident angle at different points of the large size special high mirror, a rotating cavity ring-down spectroscopy high reflectivity measurement system was built, in which the rotation function of the resonant cavity was set, and the lifting and parallel travelling mechanism of the measured mirror was added. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the measurement results was analyzed and calculated. The results showed that the reflectivity of a high reflective mirror measured by the system was 99.979 5%, the measurement accuracy reached the order of 10-6, and the combined standard uncertainty of reflectivity measurement was 0.002 8%. Collectively, these results provide a detection guarantee for the maintenance of the large size special high mirror, and provide ideas and methods for the uncertainty analysis of measurement results of similar equipment parameters.     

居民区高层5G深度覆盖质量分析方法解析

随着我国通信技术的发展,基站建设数量快速增长,尤其是5G基站的数量和密度不断增加。在我国,5G网络覆盖已经从城市向农村扩展,随着国家“乡村振兴”战略的实施和新基建投资力度的加大,农村5G发展如火如荼。随着5G网络建设的速度越来越快,基站站址资源紧缺的问题日益凸显。如何利用有限的站点资源来合理规划5G网络布局,成为一项重要的工作任务。 目前,5G室内分布系统已在部分小区内大规模应用,通过对已有基站站址进行梳理和优化,实现了高密度、高杆率、高覆盖。随着小区的增加,小区内多个5G微站相互影响、站点资源浪费严重等问题也日益凸显。在高层住宅小区中引入5G微站,可以有效解决这些问题,但其在实际应用中,由于设备成本及施工难度高、覆盖范围大等因素,因此导致基站部署存在一定困难。     

多分辨率融合输入的U型视网膜血管分割算法

针对视网膜血管拓扑结构不规则、形态复杂和尺度变化多样的特点,该文提出一种多分辨率融合输入的U型网络(MFIU-Net),旨在实现视网膜血管精准分割。设计以多分辨率融合输入为主干的粗略分割网络,生成高分辨率特征。采用改进的ResNeSt代替传统卷积,优化血管分割边界特征;将并行空间激活模块嵌入其中,捕获更多的语义和空间信息。构架另一U型精细分割网络,提高模型的微观表示和识别能力。一是底层采用多尺度密集特征金字塔模块提取血管的多尺度特征信息。二是利用特征自适应模块增强粗、细网络之间的特征融合,抑制不相关的背景噪声。三是设计面向细节的双重损失函数融合,以引导网络专注于学习特征。在眼底数据用于血管提取的数字视网膜图像(DRIVE)、视网膜结构分析(STARE)和儿童心脏与健康研究(CHASE_DB1)上进行实验,其准确率分别为97.00%, 97.47%和97.48%,灵敏度分别为82.73%, 82.86%和83.24%,曲线下的面积(AUC)值分别为98.74%, 98.90%和98.93%。其模型整体性能优于现有算法。     

基于MATLAB GUI图像处理仿真系统的设计

文中简述了图像处理的各种基本功能及原理,并通过MATLAB的GUI图形用户开发工具,设计了一款基于MATLAB的图像处理仿真系统,该系统包含图像处理的一些常见且实用的功能,如空域滤波中的高斯滤波、中值滤波、均值滤波,频域滤波中的高低通滤波、带阻滤波、同态滤波,还有边缘算子、灰度、二值化、简单直方图等功能。由于MATLAB GUI操作简单,便于扩展,减少了代码编写量,且人机交互性强,图像处理部分功能参数可调,因此在教学、实验、工程中具有较高的应用价值。     

GPU 加速条件下基于相位补偿反投影算法的太赫兹 ISAR 成像

介绍了0.22 THz步进频率雷达系统及二维高分辨率ISAR成像方法。该雷达系统的合成带宽为12GHz,可以同时实现近场及远场成像。在近场条件下,该系统在距离向和方位向实现二维高精度成像,通过相位补偿反投影算法,太赫兹ISAR图像的分辨率可以达到厘米量级。研究结果表明,采用同样的太赫兹频率步进雷达系统,基于反投影算法的太赫兹ISAR成像可以实现更高的精度和更精细的分辨率。为了加速成像过程,采用了GPU的加速平台,该方法为进一步开展近场高分辨率雷达成像,特别是太赫兹波段雷达成像提供了研究基础。     

A rare-earth spectral traceability anti-counterfeiting detection technology

In this paper, a rare-earth spectral traceability anti-counterfeiting detection technology is proposed. Configure rare-earth samples No.1, No.2 and No.3 with different doping ratios. The spectral signals of these three samples are collected and integrated into a sample library. The traceability anti-counterfeiting detection is to compare the spectral information of the samples to be tested with the established sample library by selecting specific wavelength points for light intensity values. If the sample to be measured meets the light intensity range of the established sample library at a specific wavelength point, the sample model will be output. If it does not meet the light intensity range, the sample to be tested is fake. After testing, the anti-counterfeit rate of samples No.1, No.2 and No.3 can reach 100%. This testing process does not destroy the sample, and the anti-counterfeit effect is unique and reliable.     

近红外空间碎片激光测距光束准直性标校方法

将1064nm波长激光应用于漫反射空间碎片激光测距,具有大气透过率高、回波光子数多、白天天空背景噪声低的优势。由于近红外激光束后向散射图像的信噪比与对比度较低,导致图像中光束边界模糊,光尖坐标提取困难,无法精确控制发射准直性和望远镜收发光轴平行性,不利于回波获取。为此,提出了一种基于图像处理的光束准直性标校方法,实现光束闭环控制,修正激光束出射准直性,提高望远镜收发光轴平行性。实验结果表明,所提方法能够显著改善1064nm波长激光束出射准直性,实现了望远镜收发光轴平行性的闭环控制。     

多尺度特征融合双U型视网膜分割算法

视网膜血管形态结构是反映人体健康的重要指标 ,针对现有视网膜血管分割存在主 血管模糊、微细血管断裂和视盘误分割等问题,提出多尺度特征融合双U型视网膜分割算 法。首先,利用低层U-Net高效循环残差模块对眼底图像进行粗粒度分割,得到视网膜血 管 初步轮廓。其次,将粗分割图与原始特征图像素相乘送入高层U-Net,利用其缩放宽残差 模 块进行细粒度图像解码,丰富视网膜血管细节信息。同时利用3路径注意力机制复合性连接 双网络的编码层与解码层,实现特征映射跨网络传播,减小上下文语义差异。最后,融合双 层网络输出提取血管区域,双U 型网络能够更深层次提取血管像素,精准分割出视网膜细 节。在DRIVE与STARE数据集上进行实验,其准确率分别为96.45%和97.02%,敏感度分 别为83.35%和81.40%,特异性分别为98.38%和 98.83%,总体性能优于现有算法。