Effect of surface area and heteroatom of porous carbon materials on electrochemical capacitance in aqueous and organic electrolytes

A series of porous carbon materials with wide range of specific surface areas and different heteroatom contents had been prepared using polyaniline as carbon precursor and KOH as an activating agent. Effect of surface area and heteroatom of porous carbon materials on specific capacitance was investigated thoroughly in two typical aqueous KOH and organic 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitirle electrolytes. The different trends of capacitance performance were observed in these two electrolytes. Electrochemical analyses suggested that the presence of faradaic interactions on heteroatom-enriched carbon materials in organic environment is less significant than that observed in aqueous electrolytes. Thus, in aqueous electrolyte, a balance between surface area and heteroatom content of activated porous carbon would be found to develop a supercapacitor with high energy density. In organic electrolyte, the capacitance performance of porous carbon is strongly dependent on the surface area. The results may be useful for the design of porous carbon-based supercapacitor with the desired capacitive performance in aqueous and organic electrolytes.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Cu3（dmpzm）4（μ-1, 3-dca）2（dca）4]·2H2O （dmpzm = 1,1＇-Methylenebis- （3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole）, dca = dicyanamide）

The title compound, [Cu3（dmpzm）4（μ-1,3-dca）2（dca）4]·2H2O （dmpzm = 1,1＇-methylenebis（3,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole）, dca = dicyanamide） 1·2H2O, was synthesized via the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O with dmpzm and Na（dca）, and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. 1·2H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m with a = 13.578（3）, b = 16.769（3）, c = 14.769（3） A, β = 104.10（3）° V = 3261.4（11） A^3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.466 g/cm^3, T = 153（2） K, C56H68N34O2Cu3, Mr = 1440.09, F（000） = 1490,μ（MoKa） = 1.040 mm^-1, S = 1.150, R = 0.0553 and wR = 0.1123 for 2744 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The central copper atom is chelated by two dmpzm ligands and coordinated by two bridging dca anions, forming a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The two external copper atoms adopt a square-pyramidal coordination geometry, coordinated by one chelating dmpzm ligand and one bridging and two terminal dca anions. Two intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions result in the formation of a 2D （4,4） hydrogen-bonded network.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Two Zinc Coordination Polymers of 1,2‐Di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene and Benzenedicarboxylate

Hydrothermal reactions of Zn(NO3)2•6H2O with 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpe) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (1,4-BDC) or 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (1,3-BDC) in water gave rise to two new metal-organic coordination polymers, [Zn(1,4-BDC)(dpe)]n (1) and [Zn4O(1,3-BDC)3(dpe)]n (2). Both compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy, and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 displays a rare 5-fold interpenetrating 66-diamondoid framework while 2 possesses an interlocked 3D network formed by inclined interpenetration of 2D (4,4) networks that are constructed by μ4-oxo tetrazinc Zn4O cores and the bridging dpe and 1,3-BDC ligands. Thermal and photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 were also investigated.     

宇航元器件力学环境适应性评价技术研究

从宇航工程实际应用出发,以环境工程理论为基础,研究了宇航元器件装机条件下的力学环境失效案例和敏感要素,综合考虑宇航产品相关力学环境试验项目、试验组合、试验剖面与判据,并通过试验分析和总结,建立了宇航元器件应用验证力学环境适应性评价方法和流程,形成了宇航元器件应用验证力学环境适应能力的分级量化判据,并进行了相关的试验验证。     

LTCC叠片机视觉识别定位系统

基于视觉识别系统和精密运动平台在叠片机精密定位中的典型应用,详细阐述了视觉识别和精密定位平台系统设计原理和硬件选型理由.重点对视觉识别系统中基准点设计及其对精度的影响进行分析,提出了四组梅花图形基准点设计方案,提高识别定位精度,实现了高精度叠片.     

带有广义反馈的多址接入中继信道的可达速率区域的研究

多址接入中继信道是含有多个接入节点、1个中继节点和1个目的接收节点的无线多用户信道,同时考虑接入节点之间能够接收彼此含噪的广义反馈信息,此种模型存在于接入节点之间协作通信能力较差的多跳无线网络和无线传感器网络。论文给出了带有此种广义反馈的离散无记忆多址接入中继信道的可达速率区域,并将这一结果推广到高斯信道。提出一个新的编码方案,主要基于速率划分和译码前传策略,并通过采用分组Markov叠加编码建立各接入源节点之间以及源节点和中继节点之间的协作通信,在可达性证明中还采用规则编码和反向译码策略。结果表明,在离散无记忆信道环境下可达速率区域相比较以往结果更具一般性,在高斯信道环境下可达速率区域被扩展。     

Achievable rate for three-node discrete memoryless relay channel with generalized feedbacks

This paper studies the achievable rate for three-node discrete memoryless relay channel.Specifically in this mode,we explore two generalized feedbacks simultaneously:the source node actively collects feedback signals from the channel;and at the same time,the destination node actively transmits feedback signals to the relay node.These two feedback signals,which are called generalized feedback overheard from the channel that is likely to be noisy,induce that all the three nodes are in full duplex mode.The basic coding strategies of Cover and El Gamal are applied to the relay-source feedback transmission by the source forwarding the compressions of the channel output sequences at the relay node to the destination,and are also applied to the destination-relay feedback transmission to improve the decoding ability at the relay.Based on Cover and El Gamal coding,a new coding scheme adopting rate splitting and four-block Markov superposition encoding is proposed and the corresponding achievable rate is achieved.The proposed scheme is able to exploit two feedbacks simultaneously which can effectively eliminate underlying transmission bottlenecks for the channels.The derived achievable rate result generalizes several previously known results by including them as special cases.     

聚乙烯唑啉作用下甲烷水合物分解的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟系统研究了不同质量浓度下(1.25%、2.50%、6.06%)聚乙烯唑啉(PEtO)对甲烷水合物的分解作用. 模拟体系为甲烷水合物2′2′2的超胞和聚合物对接体系. 模拟发现水分子间氢键构架的水合物笼型结构在PEtO的作用下出现扭曲, 最终导致水合物笼型结构完全坍塌. 通过氧原子径向分布函数、均方位移以及扩散系数比较不同浓度PEtO的作用, 证实在一定浓度范围内, PEtO的浓度越高, 其水合物分解作用越强. 此外, PEtO 具有一定的可生物降解性. PEtO 对水合物的作用为: PEtO 吸附在水合物表面, 其中的酰胺基(N―C＝O)与成笼的水分子形成氢键, 破坏邻近的笼形结构, 令水合物分解; PEtO不断分解表面的水合物, 直到水合物笼完全分解.     

生物芯片表面氨基硅烷化修饰

本文以无水乙醇为溶剂、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为修饰试剂、醋酸为催化剂,采用浸泡法,对生物芯片玻璃基片表面进行了氨基硅烷化修饰,得到了一种基片表面氨基修饰的制备方法。着重研究了制备过程中浸泡时间、APTES的浓度、酸处理的时间和羟基化的时间对基片噪声的影响。通过对以上工艺参数的逐步优化,基片噪声逐渐减小,最小值为193。通过对最佳修饰条件下得到的基片进行DNA点样和杂交测试可知,此方法制备得到的基片能够有效结合基因探针,且杂交清洗后信号强度可达17000以上,信噪比在110以上。由X射线光电子能谱分析可知,采用浸泡法可以获得表面氨基修饰的生物芯片基片。最后通过对修饰前后基片透过率的比较可知,修饰过程对透过率影响很小,且透过率在91%以上,从而保证了后续杂交信号与微阵列噪声检测的准确性。     

微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海贝中锌

以硝酸和过氧化氢作为消解体系,采用微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对4种海贝中微量锌进行测定,在优化的试验条件下,荧光强度与锌的质量浓度在600μg·L~(-1)以内的浓度范围内呈线性关系。检出限(3s/k)为0.66μg·L~(-1)。应用此法分析了4种海贝样品,并以此4种样品为基体做加标回收试验,回收率在92.2%～101.9之间。