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961.
An. A. Kist A. G. Kist A. A. Kim A. N. Idrisova V. N. Sidorov Yu. Ya. Kit 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,195(1):219-225
A general method for tritium labeling of organic compounds by the use of thermal activation of tritium is described. It allows obtaining uniformly tritium-labeled organic compounds with high specific activity (up to 50 Ci/mmol) which permits tracing the majority of the biodegradation products of compounds studied. More than 40 compounds were labeled using this simple, rapid and inexpensive method. Separation of the biodegradation products is performed by thin layer chromatography. Quantification is performed by direct measurement of the radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting after transfer of the layer from TLC plates into scintillation vials, or by densitometry of autoradiographs. The technique is useful for a wide range of organic compounds, including ones with unknown structure, and can be applied to various in vivo and in vitro studies. 相似文献
962.
Kim HJ Decker EA McClements DJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(1):134-139
The influence of protein concentration and order of addition relative to homogenization (before or after) on the extent of droplet flocculation in heat-treated oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by a globular protein were examined using laser diffraction. n-Hexadecane (10 wt%) oil-in-water emulsions (pH 7, 150 mM NaCl) stabilized by beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) were prepared by three methods: (1) 4 mg/mL beta-Lg added before homogenization; (2) 4 mg/mL beta-Lg added before homogenization and 6 mg/mL beta-Lg added after homogenization; (3) 10 mg/mL beta-Lg added before homogenization. The emulsions were then subjected to various isothermal heat treatments (30-95 degrees C for 20 min), with the 150 mM NaCl being added either before or after heating. Emulsion 1 contained little nonadsorbed protein and exhibited extensive droplet aggregation at all temperatures, which was attributed to the fact that the droplets had a high surface hydrophobicity, e.g., due to exposed oil or extensive protein surface denaturation. Emulsions 2 and 3 contained a significant fraction of nonadsorbed beta-Lg. When the NaCl was added before heating, these emulsions were relatively stable to droplet flocculation below a critical holding temperature (75 and 60 degrees C, respectively) but showed extensive flocculation above this temperature. The stability at low temperatures was attributed to the droplets having a relatively low surface hydrophobicity, e.g., due to complete saturation of the droplet surface with protein or due to more limited surface denaturation. The instability at high temperatures was attributed to thermal denaturation of the adsorbed and nonadsorbed proteins leading to increased hydrophobic interactions between droplets. When the salt was added to Emulsions 2 and 3 after heating, little droplet flocculation was observed at high temperatures, which was attributed to the dominance of intra-membrane over inter-membrane protein-protein interactions. Our data suggests that protein concentration and order of addition have a strong influence on the flocculation stability of protein-stabilized emulsions, which has important implications for the formulation and production of many emulsion-based products. 相似文献
963.
Yoshihisa Kurasawa Tomoyoshi Hosaka Yuko Matsumoto Aiko Ishikura Kazue Ikeda Atsushi Takada Ho Sik Kim Yoshihisa Okamoto 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1994,31(6):1697-1700
The reaction of 7-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxaline 5-oxide 6a with acetic anhydride gave 7-chloro-5-(7-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxalin-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-4-oxotetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxaline 7a , while the reaction of 7-chloro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxaline 5-oxide 6b with acetic anhydride afforded 7-chloro-5-(7-chloro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxaline 7b and 7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxaline 8b . The reaction of compound 6a or 6b with acetic anhydride/acetic acid provided 7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-tetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxaline 8a or compound 8b , respectively. 相似文献
964.
Two novel sesquiterpene dimers, compounds 1 and 2 , were isolated from the rhizome of Ligularia virgaurea, together with the six known sesquiterpenoids 3 – 8 . Their structures were established by physico‐chemical and spectroscopic methods, especially by means of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as HR‐MS analyses. A mechanism based on a classical Diels–Alder cyclization is proposed for the formation of the dimer 1 from the precursors 8 and the quinone form of 6 (Scheme). 相似文献
965.
Ramin Ghorbani‐Vaghei Mohammad Ali Zolfigol Nasrin Moshfeghifar Nadiya Koukabi Gholamabbas Chehardoli 《中国化学会会志》2007,54(3):791-794
An efficient method for the oxidative coupling of thiols to their corresponding disulfides by new reagents poly(N‐bromobenzene‐1,3‐disulfonylamide) PBBS , N,N,N′,N′‐tetrabromobenzene‐1,3‐disulfonylamide TBBDA and DABCO‐bromine complex is described. The reaction was applicable to a variety of thiols with high chemoselectivity. 相似文献
966.
Mohammad Ali Zolfigol Khodabakhsh Niknam Mojtaba Bagherzadeh Arash Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Nadiya Koukabi Maryam Hajjami Eskandar Kolvari 《中国化学会会志》2007,54(5):1115-1118
Tribromoisocyanuric acid (TBCA) and Oxone®‐MX systems were used as effective oxidizing agents for the oxidation of thiols to their corresponding disulfides under mild conditions at room temperature with good to excellent yields. 相似文献
967.
The three new lignanoids 1 – 3 and the five new phyllocladane diterpenoids 7 – 11 were isolated from the leaves of Callicarpa furfuraceae, together with two known lignanoids, lariciresinol ( 4 ) and (+)‐sesamin ( 5 ), and five known diterpenoids, 17‐norphyllocladane‐3,16‐dion ( 6 ), calliterpenone ( 12 ), calliterpenone 17‐acetate ( 13 ), (3β,16α)‐phyllocladane‐3,16,17‐triol ( 14 ), and (3β,16α)‐phyllocladane‐3,16,17‐triol 17‐acetate ( 15 ). Their structures were established by spectral‐data interpretation. 相似文献
968.
[reaction: see text] We have investigated the olefin metathesis from alkenyl Baylis-Hillman adducts using second-generation Grubbs catalyst. In the experiment, the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) product could not be found, while the cross-metathesis (CM) products were found. The computational studies provided consistent explanations for the experimental result. The most limiting factor for the RCM process using second-generation Grubbs catalyst is caused by the high strain and steric effect in the metallacyclobutane intermediates. 相似文献
969.
Microphysiometry was used to evaluate the effects of terpene trilactone and flavonoid constituents of Ginkgo biloba on human platelet‐activating‐factor receptor (PAFR). Inhibition of the platelet‐activating factor response by terpene trilactones was confirmed using this functional assay. Ginkgolide B (GB) and 10‐O‐benzyl‐GB showed the strongest inhibition (81 and 93%, resp.) of the PAFR response, while the flavonoids rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol showed negligible response inhibition. G. biloba extract mixtures were also tested, and results indicate possible synergistic effects among various components. 相似文献
970.
Roland Wilberger Holger Piotrowski Marcus Warchhold Ingo‐Peter Lorenz 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2003,629(14):2485-2492
Novel Neutral and Cationic Mono‐Aziridine Complexes of the Type [CpMn(CO)2Az], [CpCr(NO)2Az]+, and [(Ph3P)(CO)4ReAz]+ via CO‐, Hydride‐, and Chloride‐Elimination Reactions The monoaziridine complexes 1 — 5 are obtained by three differently induced substitution reactions. The photolytically induced CO substitution reaction of [CpMn(CO)3] with 2, 2‐dimethylaziridine leads to the neutral N‐coordinate aziridine complex [Cp(CO)2Mn{$\overline{N(H)CMe2C}$ H2}] ( 1 ). The protonation of [(Ph3P)(CO)4ReH] with CF3SO3H and consecutive treatment with 2, 2‐dimethylaziridine or 2‐ethylaziridine gives the salt‐like aziridine complexes [(Ph3P)(CO)4Re{$\overline{N(H)CMe2C}$ H2}](CF3SO3) ( 2 ) or [(Ph3P)(CO)4Re{ H2}](CF3SO3) ( 3 ) by hydride elimination reactions. The like‐wise salt‐like complexes [Cp(NO)2Cr{$\overline{N(H)CMe2C}$ H2}](BF4) ( 4 ) and [Cp(NO)2Cr{ H2}](CF3SO3) ( 5 ) are synthesized from [CpCr(NO)2Cl] by chloride elimination with AgX (X = BF4, CF3SO3) in the presence of 2, 2‐dimethylaziridine or 2‐ethylaziridine, respectively. As a result of X‐ray structure analyses, the metal atoms are trigonal pyramidally ( 1, 4, 5 ) or octahedrally ( 2, 3 , cis‐position) configurated; the intact three‐membered rings coordinate through the distorted tetrahedrally configurated N atoms. All compounds 1‐5 are stable with respect to the directed thermal alkene elimination to give the corresponding nitrene complexes; the IR, 1H‐ and 13C{1H}‐NMR, and MS spectra are reported and discussed. 相似文献