The specific heat capacities of V2O5/P2O5-based glasses

The specific heat capacities of a series of V₂O₅/P₂O₅-based glasses have been measured in the approximate temperature range 3–300 K. The proportions of the host constituents were varied and the effects produced by adding oxides of copper, titanium and sodium were examined. The measurements were extended to investigate the influence of fast neutron irradiation upon the specific heat capacity of pure, initially crystalline V₂O₅.The observations are consistent with a spectrum of background vibrations, the form of which is temperature dependent. At intermediate temperatures the vibrations were consistent with the glasses displaying predominantly chain-like characteristics. With reduction to lower temperatures the vibrational behaviour increasingly resembled that of solids displaying three-dimensional characteristics. The temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity at the lowest temperatures was consistent with the presence of a narrow band of low-frequency modes centred upon 1.67 × 10¹¹ s^?1, the density of which increased with phosphorus content. From observations of the density of these modes in the doped specimens, it was concluded that the role of copper wass largely that of a network former, whereas titanium and sodium were essentially network modifiers.     

粗糙平面的激光散射特性研究

为了检测目标的边缘信息,采用激光扫描目标表面、通过回波信号变化来得到目标的边缘信息的方法,利用随机面元模型,分析了刚性随机粗糙平面的激光散射特点,建立了实用化的随机粗糙平面激光散射理论模型,并给出了正入射时几种情况下的激光散射图像,分析了平面目标的激光散射能量计算方法,仿真了光束在平面目标表面做正弦摆动时,光斑在不同位置的反射能量,利用激光信号的强度变化,采用峰(谷)检出法或者过零检出法就可以得到物体的边缘信息。结果表明,通过回波信号的变化,可以得到目标的边缘轮廓。     

一种基于新型小波包阈值的图像去噪方法

提出了一种基于小波包理论去除图像噪声的方法,用小波包把图像分解为高频分量和低频分量,根据高频分量估计噪声的标准差,并利用该标准差以及Birge-Massart惩罚函数计算阈值.鉴于传统软硬阈值的缺陷,采用一种新型阈值量化方法,用三次多项式在硬阈值的基础上插值,使新的阈值函数保持了连续性和可导性.通过这种方法既消除了图像的振铃现象,又保留了细节成分.实验表明：与传统方法相比,新方法使图像视觉效果和峰值信噪比均获得提高.     

Transient bonds and chemical reactivity of molecules

Electron delocalization between the reagent and reactant molecules is the principal driving force of chemical reactions. It brings about the formation of new bonds and the cleavage of old bonds. By taking the aromatic substitution reaction as an example, we have shown the orbitals participating in electron delocalization. The interacting orbitals obtained are localized around the reaction sites, showing the chemical bonds that should be generated and broken transiently along the reaction path. By projecting a reference orbital function that has been chosen to specify the bond being formed on to the MOs of the reactant molecules, the reactive orbitals that are very similar to the interacting orbital have been obtained. The local potential of the reaction site for electron donation estimated for substituted benzene molecules by using these projected orbitals shows a fair correlation with the experimental scale of the electron-donating and -withdrawing strength of substituent groups. The reactivity is shown to be governed by local electronegativity and local chemical hardness and also by the localizability of interaction on the reaction site. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Cyclization reaction of polyacrylonitrile and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) studied by PVT measurements

Pressure, volume, temperature (PVT) measurements reveal that during the intramolecular cyclization reaction of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) the volume decreases. This volume contraction becomes smaller with increasing styrene content in the random copolymers and should be related to the simultaneous decrease of longer acrylonitrile homo-sequences. The onset temperature of the cyclization reaction is raised with higher styrene contents in the random copolymers. Thus, it can be excluded that the cyclization reaction has a major influence on the discoloration process of SAN samples having relatively small acrylonitrile contents (less than 50 mol-%) during thermal annealing below 300°C.     

LG飞利浦已研制出用于手机的TFT-LCD

LG. Philips LCD （LPL） announced at Sept. 13th 2006, it has developed the industry＇s fastest TFT-LCD panel for mobile phones, which will permit next-generation handsets to display TV and video content with less motion blur.     

欧盟之外的绿色法规美国和世界其他许多国家都在制定环境法规

欧盟的《禁止使用有害物质指令》（RoHS）和《报废电子电气设备指令》（WEEE）有力地推动了将已颁布的环保法律付诸实施．其影响已经扩展到欧盟以外的地区。下面是其他国家和地区的有关概况。     

Cu-DNAzyme facilitates highly sensitive immunoassay

A simple Cu-DNAzyme system is used for signal transduction of a CuO nanoparticle-labeled immunoassay, which makes the immunoassay fast, simple, cost-effective, and sensitive, thus promising for biomedical applications and point-of-care testing.     

Fluxionality in mixed-metal osmium carbonyl clusters

The heteronuclear clusters [Os₁₀C(CO)₂₄(MPR_3n^m− (n = 1, m = 1; 2: M = Au; 3: M = Ag; 4: M = Cu; 5 n = 2, m = 0, M = Ag) have been prepared. These clusters undergo molecular rearrangements in solution, and two isomeric forms of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been identified. This interconversion is thought to involve a cap [lrarr2] edge bridge [lrarr2] cap pathway.