Recent advances in single atom catalysts for the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) offers a promising solution to mitigate carbon emission and at the same time generate valuable carbonaceous chemicals/fuels. Single atom catalysts (SACs) are encouraging to catalyze the electrochemical CO₂RR due to the tunable electronic structure of the central metal atoms, which can regulate the adsorption energy of reactants and reaction intermediates. Moreover, SACs form a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, providing an ideal platform to explore the reaction mechanism of electrochemical reactions. In this review, we first discuss the strategies for promoting the CO₂RR performance, including suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), generation of C₁ products and formation of C₂₊ products. Then, we summarize the recent developments in regulating the structure of SACs toward the CO₂RR based on the above aspects. Finally, several issues regarding the development of SACs for the CO₂RR are raised and possible solutions are provided.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) offers a promising solution to mitigate carbon emission and at the same time generate valuable carbonaceous chemicals/fuels.     

Lewis-Base Adducts of Group 11 Metal(I) Compounds. LXXVI Structural Studies in the Copper(I) Halide : Norbornadiene System

The structural characterizations of some copper(I) halide (CuX) adducts with norbornadiene (nbd) are recorded. CuCl : nbd (1:1)₄ (a redetermination), (2:1)_2(|), are systems both based around Cu₄Cl₄ cubane-type cluster arrays. CuBr : nbd (7:3)_(|)( 0.5 MeOH), a complex polymer with 3-symmetry, is believed to be the complex previously described as an adduct of 2:1 stoichiometry. Attempts to obtain an iodide counterpart have resulted in the definition of an ephemeral adduct CuI : MeCN (3:2)_(|). 0.5 C₇H₈ in which, remarkably, the nbd is uncoordinated; the complex is a polymer, related to the [AgX(quinoline)]_(|) (X = Cl, Br) saddle polymer.     

Reactivity of monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters at dye-sensitized liquid/liquid interfaces

Hexanethiolate monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters (MPCs) were used as redox quenchers at the polarizable water/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. Photocurrent responses originating from the heterogeneous quenching of photoexcited water soluble porphyrin complexes by MPCs dissolved in the DCE phase were observed. As MPCs can function as both electron acceptors and donors, the photocurrent results from the superposition of two simultaneous processes, which correspond to the oxidation and reduction of MPCs. The magnitude of the net photocurrent is essentially determined by the balance of the kinetics of these two processes, which can be controlled by tuning the Galvani potential difference between the two phases. We show that, within the available potential window, the apparent electron-transfer rate constants follow classical Butler-Volmer dependence on the applied potential difference.     

Symbol error rate of selection amplify-and-forward relay systems

Cooperative diversity schemes significantly improve the performance of wireless networks by transmitting the same information through several nodes. The amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying method is one of the most attractive cooperative diversity schemes due to its low complexity. Selection AF relaying has recently been proven to achieve the same diversity order as and lower outage probability than all-participate relays. In this letter, we present an asymptotic analysis of the symbol error rates of a selection AF network, and compare it with the conventional all-participate scheme     

透视/遮阳/控温/红外隐身多功能集成序构薄膜研究

为了解决光学材料多功能耦合与集成的光谱诉求及其材料设计冲突难题,本文提出一种基于［TiAlN/Ag］²/TiAlN序构复合薄膜开展可见光透射诱导与红外辐射抑制的协同设计方法,诠释序构薄膜材料多功能耦合的新原理与新机制,并对其光学兼容性能测试表征。研究表明,构筑的［TiAlN（厚度30 nm）/Ag（厚度15 nm）］²/TiAlN（厚度30 nm）序构复合薄膜具备带通状选择性透射与中远红外低辐射的光学特性,可较好实现透视、遮阳、低辐射控温与红外隐身多功能兼容效果,在军用车辆、绿色建筑等特种玻璃的辐射控温与红外隐身领域有应用潜力。     

A molecular mechanics approach for analyzing tensile nonlinear deformation behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this paper, by capturing the atomic information and reflecting the behaviour governed by the nonlinear potential function, an analytical molecular mechanics approach is proposed. A constitutive relation for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT’s) is established to describe the nonlinear stress-strain curve of SWCNT’s and to predict both the elastic properties and breaking strain of SWCNT’s during tensile deformation. An analysis based on the virtual internal bond (VIB) model proposed by P. Zhang et al. is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the proposed molecular mechanics approach is indeed an acceptable analytical method for analyzing the mechanical behavior of SWCNT’s. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10121202, 90305015 and 10328203), the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (0306) and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (HKU 7195/04E).     

A Generalized Blow up Criteria with One Component of Velocity for 3D Incompressible MHD System∗

In this paper, the authors study the global regularity of the 3D magnetohydrodynamics system in terms of one velocity component. In particular, they establish a new Prodi-Serrin type regularity criterion in the framework of weak Lebesgue spaces both in time and space variables.     

热暴露对SiC纤维增强Ti基复合材料基体织构的影响

本文利用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术,研究了高温热暴露对SiC纤维增强Ti-6A1—4V复合材料基体织构的影响。结果表明,相对于制备态复合材料较为集中的晶粒取向,900℃10h热暴露后的复合材料其晶粒生长的方向既有基面方向,又有棱面方向,同时还存在锥面方向。随着热暴露时间的延长,900℃75h热暴露的复合材料基面方向的生长方式与900℃10h热暴露的复合材料情况恰好相反。另外,无论是基面方向还是棱面方向,随着热暴露时间的延长,晶粒生长的取向均有向单一取向演化的趋势,且锥面方向上的生长会逐渐消失。     

基于行过扫数据降低大面阵CCD图像噪声算法研究

针对全帧转移大面阵电荷耦合器件(CCD)多帧图像数据随时间漂移的现象和测试电路引入的噪声,导致无法准确评估CCD器件的参数,文章提出一种基于行过扫数据校正算法。行有效像元数据与对应行垂直过扫数据同时输出,通过有效像元数据减去垂直过扫数据均值,对图像数据漂移的现象进行抑制。测试电路中模拟模块与数字模块同时作用于单行有效像元数据与垂直过扫数据,通过有效像元数据减去垂直过扫数据均值,消除测试电路引入的噪声。实验结果表明,经过该算法校正后的器件读出噪声减小了20%,暗场差值图像中超过15 e^-和25 e^-的比例减小了25%。该算法适用于大面阵CCD器件,可校正测试系统引入的测试误差,提高全帧转移大面阵CCD器件测试效率。     

基于DFB激光器的振动传感系统改进PGC解调算法

相位生成载波(Phase Generated Carrier, PGC)解调算法是目前光纤干涉传感领域中重要的解调算法。针对目前PGC解调算法中光强扰动和调制深度影响信号解调准确度的问题,提出了一种改进的PGC解调算法(PGC-Ameliorated),并搭建了基于分布反馈(Distributed Feedback, DFB)激光器的振动传感系统进行实验验证。实验结果表明,当被测振动信号的频率为800 Hz时,该算法信噪比为57 dB,优于微分交叉相乘(Differential and Cross Multiplying, DCM)算法和反正切(Arctan)算法近20 dB。在不同光强下,该算法解调信号幅值波动范围在±0.02 rad;在不同调制深度下,该算法总谐波失真最小为0.61%,信纳比最大为25.9 dB,相比于DCM算法和Arctan算法具有更低的总谐波失真和更高的信纳比。