键阻断原理构建中孔A型沸石

采用不同类型的有机硅烷化SiO2作为基本合成单元,制备了具有晶内中孔的A型沸石。考察了反应碱度、Si/Al比、晶化时间等合成条件对产品的影响。结果表明,苯胺基丙基三甲氧基硅烷是合成中孔A型沸石的最佳硅烷化试剂;硅烷化试剂的应用,使中孔沸石晶化过程可以通过"键阻断原理"有效控制;沸石的中孔尺寸可以通过不同类型的有机硅烷化试剂进行调控;一定范围内,其外比表面积、中孔体积随SiO2表面硅烷化度的增加而增加。通过沸石晶化过程中的"键阻断",可以制备具有晶内中孔的A型沸石。     

铁酸镍用于热化学循环反应CO2分解制CO的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了NiFe₂O₄和NiFe₂O₄/ZrO₂催化剂,用TGA考察了其热化学法,CO₂高温分解反应性能。通过对反应前后催化剂的表征发现,反应高温使两种催化剂都发生了明显的烧结,导致在热还原反应中形成的还原态氧化物不能完全被CO₂氧化从而降低了催化剂的反应性能;ZrO₂的加入对于提高催化剂的热稳定性以及循环反应稳定性具有重要的作用。在高温反应炉中考察了NiFe₂O₄/ZrO₂的CO₂分解实验,结果表明,提高热还原温度可以提高CO产量,然而,随着循环次数的增加CO的产量降低得更明显。     

由不同镍盐前体制备高分散Ni/SBA-15催化剂：活化氛围的影响

以硝酸镍和乙酸镍为镍前体,用浸渍法分别在空气和氢气氛围活化制得系列Ni/SBA-15催化剂,通过XRD、H₂-TPD、N₂物理吸附和在线质谱等物理化学手段对催化剂进行了表征,并结合微型高压反应釜萘加氢反应,评价了催化剂的加氢性能。结果表明,氢气氛围活化对硝酸镍为镍前体所制Ni/SBA-15催化剂的镍分散度和活性有显著促进作用,而空气氛围活化对乙酸镍为镍前体所制催化剂有明显促进作用。根据催化剂前体在不同氛围活化时的热分解产物,提出了活化氛围对不同镍前体制得Ni/SBA-15催化剂所产生的作用机理。     

Thermal- and Light-driven Metathesis Reactions Between Different Diselenides

Thermal- and light-driven diselenide metathesis reactions with different types of diselenides are investigated systematically. Their exchange reaction rates and equilibrium conversions are compared in the aspects of the different diselenide structures, activation conditions and solvents. As a result, the metathesis reactions between diselenide small molecules are demonstrated with high dynamic and sensitive features, which can be broadly tuned by varying the electron affinity and aromaticity of the diselenide substituents and external conditions(e.g., solvent, stimulus mode). The current work thus will not only advance our understanding on diselenide metathesis chemistry, but also promote concrete and impactful studies in selenium-containing materials.     

Development of the Self-doping Porous Carbon and Its Application in Supercapacitor Electrode

The massive discharge of biomass wastes not only causes waste of resources, but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, converting biomass wastes into carbon materials is an effective way to solve the above problems. Here, using biomass waste pig nails as raw materials and K₂CO₃ as chemical activators, the N-doped porous carbon(KPNC) is prepared by direct pyrolysis. As an electrode for supercapacitors, the electrochemical tests of KPNCs showed that they exhibited good electrochemical performance and excellent cycling stability. When the current density is 0.2 A/g, the specific capacitance is up to 344.6 F/g. Moreover, it still maintains 97.6% initial capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A/g. Above exceptional electrochemical performances may be ascribed to an appropriate porous structure(S_micro/S_total=80.31%, V_micro/V_total=76.19%), high nitrogen contents(4.44%, atomic fraction), oxygen contents(9.13%, atomic fraction) as well as small internal resistance. The above experimental results show that the conversion of pig nails to porous carbon can reduce the waste of resources and alleviate environmental pollution.     

Surface Functionalization of PEO Nanofibers Using a TiO2 Suspension as Sheath Fluid in a Modified Coaxial Electrospinning Process

Convenient and integration fabrication process is a key issue for the application of functional nanofibers. A surface functionalization method was developed based on coaxial electrospinning to produce ultraviolet(UV) protection nanofibers. The titanium dioxide(TiO₂) nanoparticles suspension was delivered through the shell channel of the coaxial spinneret, by which the aggregation of TiO₂ nanoparticles was overcome and the distribution uniformity on the surface of polyethylene oxide(PEO) nanofiber was obtained. With the content of TiO₂ increasing from 0 to 3%(mass fraction), the average diameter of nanofibers increased from (380±30) nm to (480±100) nm. The surface functionalization can be realized during the electrospinning process to gain PEO/TiO₂ composite nanofibers directly. The uniform distribution of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the surface of nanofibers enhanced the UV absorption and resistance performance. The maximum UV protection factor(UPF) value of composite nanofibers reaches 2751. This work presented a novel surface-functionalized way for the preparation of composite nanofiber, which has great application potential in the field of micro/nano system integration fabrication.     

含各向异性左手材料的一维Thue-Mores准周期结构的反射带隙

采用传输矩阵法,研究了由各向同性右手材料和各向异性左手材料组成的Thue-Morse准周期结构的反射带隙,分析了入射角、偏振和晶格比例缩放因子对反射带隙的影响.结果表明该结构存在一个全方向反射带隙,该带隙的宽度由TE模的低频带边缘和TM模的高频带边缘决定.当在该结构中插入一层缺陷时,在全方向带隙中出现一条缺陷模.对TE模,缺陷模的位置受入射角的影响很弱,而对TM模,缺陷模的位置随入射角的增大,向高频方向移动.     

三线摆实验中摆角偏大产生的误差及修正方法

研究了三线摆实验中摆角偏大(5°θ20°)时对测量转动惯量产生的误差和修正办法。实验发现随着摆角的增大,测得的圆盘转动惯量也会相应偏大,从而导致测量误差增大。文章通过进一步的理论分析解释了这一现象,并对测量结果进行了系统误差修正。     

含Ti的HMS介孔材料催化剂及其对丙烯环氧化催化性能的研究

分别用水热合成法和气相四氯化钛(TiCl4)接枝法制备了Ti-HMS和Ti/HMS催化剂.表征结果表明,经过气相TiCl4接枝后的样品依然保持HMS(Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica,缩写为HMS)介孔材料特征,钛(Ti)物种主要以四配位的活性位形式存在.经过甲基接枝处理的催化材料,增加了表面的疏水性.丙烯环氧化反应结果表明,SN-Ti/HMS具有更高的催化性能.在2 500 h的稳定试验中,过氧化氢异丙苯(CHP)转化率大于99.0%,环氧丙烷(PO)选择性大于96.0%.研究和优化了环氧化反应工艺条件.采用浓度为30%的CHP为原料,CHP重量空速为1.0 h-1,床层温度为100℃,反应压力为3.0 MPa.     

尼龙6纳米纤维膜的制备及其对己烷雌酚的吸附性能研究

采用静电纺丝设备制备尼龙6纳米纤维膜。用静、动态吸附方法,研究了尼龙6纳米纤维膜对己烷雌酚的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、初始浓度及介质p H值对尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的影响。结果表明,初始浓度为2mg/L时,尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的过程符合准一级动力学模型;当初始浓度在5~20mg/L范围内,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。