三米天线卫星电视广播接收机设计

卫星电视广播是卫星通信领域的一个重要分支。由于卫星电视广播克服了地面电视广播存在的服务面积小,城市构筑物形成“阴影区”等缺点而引起了世界各国的普遍重视,得到了迅速的发展卫星电视广播接收机是地面电视广播接收机(通称电视机)的延伸。做为信号终端的仍然是电视机,此外仅增加适应卫星通信特点的传输设备,因此卫星电视广播接收机的设计主要是针对传输方面的问题来进行的。卫星电视广播接收机的设计一般考虑如下几个方面的问题:天线尺寸与高频电路的选择;中频频率与变频次数的选择;卫星电视广播接收机与地面电视广播系统接口问题。     

双台面工艺

在混合或其他电路中,无封装的半导体片虽然能减少器件封装的费用,但大多数器件都相当脆弱,必须非常仔细地操作才不致损坏或沾污。采用的玻璃钝化虽然减少捐坏,但是在热应力下器件边缘会发生少量的碎裂现象,并引起器件沾污。对杂质极为敏威的三端交流开关器件尤为麻烦。在玻璃纯化半导体开关元件中,通常在有源区周围淀积玻璃槽,将结隔离开。但是,在     

金属-半导体和金属-绝缘体界面处势垒高度的介质理论

已知金属-半导体和金属-绝缘体界面处势垒高度φB 同金属的功函数φ_M 大致成线性关系式中 S 和φ_O 是半导体和绝缘体的特征常数。斜率 S 随离子性由0.1(共价材料)增到1(离子材料)。     

Optic nerve signals in a neuromorphic chip II: Testing and results

Seeking to match the brain's computational efficiency, we draw inspiration from its neural circuits. To model the four main output (ganglion) cell types found in the retina, we morphed outer and inner retina circuits into a 96 x 60-photoreceptor, 3.5 x 3.3 mm2, 0.35 microm-CMOS chip. Our retinomorphic chip produces spike trains for 3600 ganglion cells (GCs), and consumes 62.7 mW at 45 spikes/s/GC. This chip, which is the first silicon retina to successfully model inner retina circuitry, approaches the spatial density of the retina. We present experimental measurements showing that the chip's subthreshold current-mode circuits realize luminance adaptation, bandpass spatiotemporal filtering, temporal adaptation and contrast gain control. The four different GC outputs produced by our chip encode light onset or offset in a sustained or transient fashion, producing a quadrature-like representation. The retinomorphic chip's circuit design is described in a companion paper [Zaghloul and Boahen (2004)].     

杜仲茎部剥皮后塑料薄膜包裹的效应

本文观察并比较了杜仲茎部剥皮后,完全暴露的与立即包以透明和黑色塑料薄膜的,再生树皮的组织分化过程。结果在暴露的和包以透明塑料薄膜的树干上,新的维管形成层都在较深层的未成熟木质部中发生,而包黑塑料薄膜的,则在愈伤组织与木质部交界处的未成熟木质部或愈伤组织中发生。这种新形成层的早期分化很象原形成层,向内分化出螺纹管胞和导管,向外形成筛胞状分子。     

谈微积分基本定理

凡是学过微积分的人,大概都不会忘记一个公式(或者说是一个定理):     

Design and synthesis of new bicyclic diketopiperazines as scaffolds for receptor probes of structurally diverse functionality

Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are a common motif in various biologically active natural products, and hence they may be useful scaffolds for the rational design of receptor probes and therapeutic agents. We constructed a new bicyclic scaffold that combines a DKP bridged with a 10-membered ring. In this way we obtained a three-dimensional molecular skeleton, with several amendable sites that provide a starting point to design a new combinatorial library having diverse substituent groups. Structural variation is based upon the flexibility of alkylation of the nitrogen atoms of the DKP and on the side-chain olefin. We obtained a 10-membered secondary ring through a ring-closure metathesis reaction using the second generation Grubbs catalyst. Rings containing both O-ethers and S-ethers were compared. N-Alkyl or arylalkyl groups were introduced optionally at the two Nalpha-atoms. This is a general scheme that will allow us to test rings of varying sizes, linkages, and stereochemical parameters. The DKP derivatives were tested for activity in astrocytoma cells expressing receptors coupled to phospholipase C. Inhibitory effects were observed for signaling elicited by activation of human nucleotide P2Y receptors but not m3 muscarinic receptors. Compound 20 selectively inhibited calcium mobilization (IC50 value of 486 +/- 16 nM) and phosphoinositide turnover elicited by a selective P2Y1 receptor agonist, but this compound did not compete for binding of a radiolabeled nucleotide-competitive receptor antagonist. Therefore, the new class of DKP derivatives shows utility as pharmacological tools for P2Y receptors.     

TDDFT study of one- and two-photon absorption properties: donor-pi-acceptor chromophores

We report a comprehensive time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) study of one-photon and two-photon absorption (OPA and TPA, respectively) spectra for donor-pi-acceptor molecules. The calculated excitation energies were generally shown to be in good agreement with experiment, particularly when compared to results from measurements carried out in a nonpolar solvent, although the oscillator strengths were overestimated in some cases. Calculated TPA cross sections applying the two-state approximation were shown to be highly dependent on the form of the line-shape function used. Although a good agreement with experimental TPA spectra was generally observed, the wide range in the experimentally measured values and lack of systematic experimental data on solvent effects limited a detailed comparison as yet.     

A versatile catalyst for asymmetric reactions of carbonyl groups working purely by activation through hydrogen bonding: Mukaiyama-aldol, hetero Diels-Alder and Friedel-Crafts reactions

Bis-sulfonamides are demonstrated to be promising candidates for the efficient activation of carbonyl compounds through hydrogen bonding. Exemplified by three carbonyl addition reactions: Mukaiyama-aldol, hetero Diels-Alder and Friedel-Crafts reactions we show that bis-triflamides or bis-nonaflamides of commercially available chiral diamines act as chiral Br?nsted-acid catalysts, leading to the optically active products in moderate to excellent yields and with enantioselectivities up to 73% ee.     

Novel imidazolidine-tetrazole organocatalyst for asymmetric conjugate addition of nitroalkanes

The Michael addition of nitroalkanes to alpha,beta-unsaturated enones catalyzed by a novel chiral imidazolidine-2-yltetrazole organocatalyst has been investigated. The new more soluble organocatalyst decreases reaction times and improves enantioselectivities compared to other catalysts. The Michael addition adducts were obtained with up to 92% ee. [reaction: see text]