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排序方式: 共有93条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Hannu Teisala Mikko Tuominen Mikko Aromaa Milena Stepien Jyrki M. Mäkelä Jarkko J. Saarinen Martti Toivakka Jurkka Kuusipalo 《Colloid and polymer science》2013,291(2):447-455
Surface wetting is an important and relevant phenomenon in several different fields. Scientists have introduced a large number of applications where special surface wetting could be exploited. Here, we study wetting phenomena on high- and low-adhesive superhydrophobic liquid flame spray (LFS)-generated TiO2 coatings on paper and pigment-coated board substrates using water–ethanol solution as a probe liquid. Submicrometer-scale air gaps, which exist on superhydrophobic surfaces below the liquid droplets, were more stable with the ethanol increment than the larger-scale micrometric air gaps. With the droplet ethanol concentration of 15 wt%, static contact angle as high as 155?±?2° was measured on the LFS–TiO2-coated board. Transition from the low-adhesive wetting state to the high-adhesive state was demonstrated on the LFS–TiO2-coated paper. The LFS method enables efficient roll-to-roll production of surfaces with special wetting properties on economically viable board and paper substrate materials. 相似文献
62.
This paper examines a sequential multiple-criteria decision problem. The problem arises when a decision-maker is unable to consider all possible decision alternatives simultaneously. The decision-maker evaluates only a subset of all decision alternatives, from which he chooses the most preferred solution. Obviously, this solution is not necessarily ‘globally’ best. An interesting question is: how good is the most preferred solution and what are the chances of finding a better solution by considering additional alternatives? A unified approach to solving this problem based on probability theory is presented and illustrated with numerical examples. 相似文献
63.
Vladimir Tuboltsev Alexander Savin Wataru Sakamoto Atsushi Hieno Toshinobu Yogo Jyrki Räisänen 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(11):5603-5613
Multiferroics conventionally refer to the materials exhibiting co-existing electric, magnetic, and structure order parameters.
Interplay between ferroelectricity, magnetism, and ferroelasticity in a single phase makes multiferroics truly multifunctional
providing control over magnetic and electric ordering by applying electric and magnetic fields, respectively. Incorporation
of multiferroic-based components into nanoscale applications will enable additional degrees of freedom in manipulating with
spin and charge not easily attainable otherwise. Multiferroic bismuth ferrite lead titanate has been chemically synthesized
in form of nanocrystalline films. The morphology of the films revealed a single perovskite phase confined within crystalline
grains of few tens of nm in size. The films were found to exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism with characteristic
electric polarization and magnetization hysteresis loops, transformations associated with spin reorientation in an external
magnetic field and the spin-glassy behavior well above the room temperature. High degree of magnetic frustration and disorder
in the spin system spatially confined in the nanograins, distribution of the grains anisotropy axis, inter-grain interactions,
and the effects of uncompensated spins on the large effective surface/interface favored by the nanocrystalline morphology
were assumed to be responsible for the anomalous magnetic properties and glassy dynamics in the films. 相似文献
64.
Mattila J Koikkalainen J Virkki A van Gils M Lötjönen J;Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2012,59(1):234-240
Medical research and clinical practice are currently being redefined by the constantly increasing amounts of multiscale patient data. New methods are needed to translate them into knowledge that is applicable in healthcare. Multiscale modeling has emerged as a way to describe systems that are the source of experimental data. Usually, a multiscale model is built by combining distinct models of several scales, integrating, e.g., genetic, molecular, structural, and neuropsychological models into a composite representation. We present a novel generic clinical decision support system, which models a patient's disease state statistically from heterogeneous multiscale data. Its goal is to aid in diagnostic work by analyzing all available patient data and highlighting the relevant information to the clinician. The system is evaluated by applying it to several medical datasets and demonstrated by implementing a novel clinical decision support tool for early prediction of Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
65.
Jarkko J. Saarinen Dimitar Valtakari Janne Haapanen Turkka Salminen Jyrki M. Mäkelä Jun Uozumi 《Optical Review》2014,21(3):339-344
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates were made via liquid flame spray deposition and inkjet printing of silver nanoparticles. Both processes are suitable for cost-effective fabrication of large-area SERS substrates. Crystal violet (CV) solutions were used as target molecules and in both samples the detection limit was approximately 10 nM. In addition, sintering temperature of the inkjet printed silver nanoparticles was found to have a large effect on the SERS activity with the higher curing temperature of 200 °C resulting in contamination layer on silver and cancelation of the SERS signal. This layer was characterized using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 相似文献
66.
Miika Mattinen Peter J. King Leonid Khriachtchev Mikko J. Heikkilä Ben Fleming Simon Rushworth Kenichiro Mizohata Kristoffer Meinander Jyrki Räisänen Mikko Ritala Markku Leskelä 《Materials Today Chemistry》2018
Molybdenum forms a range of oxides with different stoichiometries and crystal structures, which lead to different properties and performance in diverse applications. Herein, crystalline molybdenum oxide thin films with controlled phase composition are deposited by atomic layer deposition. The MoO2(thd)2 and O3 as precursors enable well-controlled growth of uniform and conformal films at 200–275 °C. The as-deposited films are rough and, in most cases, consist of a mixture of α- and β-MoO3 as well as an unidentified suboxide MoOx (2.75 ≤ x ≤ 2.89) phase. The phase composition can be tuned by changing deposition conditions. The film stoichiometry is close to MoO3 and the films are relatively pure, the main impurity being hydrogen (2–7 at-%), with ≤1 at-% of carbon and nitrogen. Post-deposition annealing is studied in situ by high-temperature X-ray diffraction in air, O2, N2, and forming gas (10% H2/90% N2) atmospheres. Phase-pure films of MoO2 and α-MoO3 are obtained by annealing at 450 °C in forming gas and O2, respectively. The ability to tailor the phase composition of MoOx films deposited by scalable atomic layer deposition method represents an important step towards various applications of molybdenum oxides. 相似文献
67.
Viidanoja J Sysoev A Adamov A Kotiaho T 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2005,19(21):3051-3055
Chemical standards for positive ion mode electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI(+)-IMS/MS) are suggested. The low clustering tendency of tetraalkylammonium halides makes them ideal chemical standards for ESI(+)-IMS/MS. A homologous series of these compounds forms a useful external standard for instrument testing and resolution calibration of an IMS instrument. Selected homologues or a mixture of tetraalkylammonium halides can be used as mobility standards in the analytical runs. Absolute and relative reduced mobilities were calculated for C2--C8, C10 and C12 tetraalkylammonium halides. Absolute reduced mobilities in nitrogen were 1.88, 1.56, 1.33, 1.15, 1.02, 0.92, 0.84, 0.73, and 0.67 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), for C2--C8, C10 and C12 tetraalkylammonium halides, respectively. Relative reduced mobilities (relative to 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine) for the same compounds were 1.20, 1.00, 0.855, 0.743, 0.658, 0.59, 0.54, 0.47, and 0.43, respectively. 相似文献
68.
Sysoev A Adamov A Viidanoja J Ketola RA Kostiainen R Kotiaho T 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2004,18(24):3131-3139
An ion mobility spectrometer that can easily be installed as an intermediate component between a commercial triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer and its original atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources was developed. The curtain gas from the mass spectrometer is also used as the ion mobility spectrometer drift gas. The design of the ion mobility spectrometer allows reasonably fast installation (about 1 h), and thus the ion mobility spectrometer can be considered as an accessory of the mass spectrometer. The ion mobility spectrometer module can also be used as an independently operated device when equipped with a Faraday cup detector. The drift tube of the ion mobility spectrometer module consists of inlet, desolvation, drift, and extraction regions. The desolvation, drift and extraction regions are separated by ion gates. The inlet region has the shape of a stainless steel cup equipped with a small orifice. Ion mobility spectrometer drift gas is introduced through a curtain gas line from an original flange of the mass spectrometer. After passing through the drift tube, the drift gas serves as a curtain gas for the ion-sampling orifice of the ion mobility spectrometer before entering the ion source. Counterflow of the drift gas improves evaporation of the solvent from the electrosprayed sample. Drift gas is pumped away from the ion source through the original exhaust orifice of the ion source. Initial characterization of the ion mobility spectrometer device includes determination of resolving power values for a selected set of test compounds, separation of a simple mixture, and comparison of the sensitivity of the electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI-IMS/MS) mode with that of the ESI-MS mode. A resolving power of 80 was measured for 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine in a 333 V/cm drift field at room temperature and with a 0.2 ms ion gate opening time. The resolving power was shown to be dependent on drift gas flow rate for all studied ion gate opening times. Resolving power improved as the drift gas flow increased, e.g. at a 0.5 ms gate opening time, a resolving power of 31 was obtained with a 0.65 L/min flow rate and 47 with a 1.3 L/min flow rate for tetrabutylammonium iodide. The measured limits of detection with ESI-MS and with ESI-IMS/MS modes were similar, demonstrating that signal losses in the IMS device are minimal when it is operated in a continuous flow mode. Based on these preliminary results, the IMS/MS instrument is anticipated to have potential for fast screening analysis that can be applied, for example, in environmental and drug analysis. 相似文献
69.
Nadia Walsby Mikael Paronen Jyrki Juhanoja Franciska Sundholm 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2000,38(9):1512-1519
Electron‐beam‐irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride) films were grafted with styrene with propanol or toluene as a solvent. The influence of the synthesis conditions and, more particularly, of the solvent was investigated. In propanol, the order of dependence of the grafting rate is 0.43 on the pre‐irradiation dose and 1.2 on the monomer concentration. The activation energy of the grafting reaction in propanol is approximately 73 kJ/mol. Both the initial grafting rate and the saturation degree of grafting are considerably higher in propanol, which is unable to swell polystyrene grafts, than in toluene, which diffuses with styrene through the grafted moiety. The grafting solvent also influences the structure of the membrane: films grafted in propanol have a much reduced elongation at break and a rougher surface. It is suggested that phase‐separated polystyrene domains may be larger when grafting is carried out in a styrene–propanol solution. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1512–1519, 2000 相似文献
70.
Vladimir O. Aseyev Jyrki Juhanoja Heikki Tenhu Stanislav I. Klenin 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1999,37(23):3337-3343
A high molar mass polycation poly(methacryloylethyl trimethylammonium methylsulphate), PMETMMS, dissolved in mixtures of water and acetone, was studied using light scattering during the reversible coil-to-globule transition. When the mass fraction of acetone in the solvent mixture, γ, is higher than 0.80, PMETMMS adopts a globular state but does not aggregate. The collapse of PMETMMS can also be induced by the dilution of the polymer solution, if 0.70 ≤ γ < 0.80, and the solvent composition is kept constant. The results obtained by light scattering have been confirmed using a transmission electron microscope with which the collapse of PMETMMS has been observed. At high polymer concentration and 0.70 ≤ γ < 0.80, a transient network is formed: coils strongly interact with each other via dipole–dipole interactions in a thermodynamically poor solvent. At low concentration regime when 0.70 ≤ γ < 0.80, or in solutions with the mass fraction of acetone higher than 0.80, all the PMETMMS molecules are collapsed. In the intermediate region, the collapse of PMETMMS is gradual and coils, globules, as well as fragments of the network coexist in the solution. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3337–3343, 1999 相似文献