Quotient polytopes of cyclic polytopes part II: Stability of thef-vector and of thek-skeleton

This paper is the continuation of an earlier paper on quotient polytopesC(v, 2m)/F of cyclic polytopes and the associated quotient complexesC(V, 2m)/J. Here, we study mainly what changes in the faceJ do not affect thef-vector of the quotientC(V, 2m)/J. In the last section we examine the corresponding question fork-skeleta, i.e., what changes inJ do not affect the isomorphism type of skel _k C(V, 2m)/J.     

LiI-doped N,N-dimethyl-pyrrolidinium iodide, an archetypal rotator-phase ionic conductor

N,N-Dimethyl-pyrrolidinium iodide, and the effect of doping with LiI, has been investigated using DSC, NMR, and impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of a small amount of LiI enhances the ionic conductivity by up to 3 orders of magnitude for this ionic solid. Furthermore, a slight decrease in phase transition onset temperatures, as well as the appearance of a superimposed narrow line in the (1)H NMR spectra with dopant, suggest that the LiI facilitates the mobility of the matrix material, possibly by the introduction of vacancies within the lattice. (7)Li NMR line width measurements reveal a narrow Li line width, decreasing in width and increasing in intensity with temperature, indicating mobile Li ions.     

A new class of tethered-arene ruthenium(II) complexes with pendant P and C donor atoms: synthesis of eta6:eta1:eta1 phosphonio-azabutadienyl ruthenabicycles via allenylidene intermediates

The activation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol by complexes [RuCl(eta(6)-p-cymene)[eta(2)-P,N-Ph(2)PCH(2)P([=NR)Ph(2)]](+) results in the formation of the unusual tethered (eta(6)-arene)-ruthenium(ii) derivatives, via an unprecedented iminophosphorane-allenylidene coupling process.     

Synthesis of novel alkylamino zinc(II) phthalocyanines

The synthesis of tetramethyl‐tetraphthalimidomethyl‐phthalocyaninato zinc(II) ( 6 ) and tetramethyl‐tetraaminomethyl‐phthalocyaninato zinc(II) ( 7 ) is described.     

Asymmetric microbial reduction of ketones: absolute configuration of trans-4-ethyl-1-(1S-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanol

A set of five fungal species, Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma viride and Eutypa lata, and the endophytic fungi Colletotrichum crassipes and Xylaria sp., was used in screening for microbial biocatalysts to detect monooxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities (for the stereoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds). 4-Ethylcyclohexanone and acetophenone were biotransformed by the fungal set. The main reaction pathways involved reduction and hydroxylations at several positions including tertiary carbons. B. cinerea was very effective in the bioreduction of both substrates leading to the chiral alcohol (S)-1-phenylethanol in up to 90% enantiomeric excess, and the cis–trans ratio for 4-ethylcyclohexanol was 0:100. trans-4-Ethyl-1-(1S-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanol, obtained from biotransformation by means of an acyloin-type reaction, is reported here for the first time. The absolute configurations of the compounds trans-4-ethyl-1-(1S-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanol and 4-(1S- and 4-(1R-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanone were determined by NMR analysis of the corresponding Mosher’s esters.     

Sorting out the value of spectroscopic tools to assess the Colletotrichum acutatum impact in olive cultivars with different susceptibilities

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) can be affected by Colletotrichum acutatum, causing a loss of yield and quality of the final products, whilst the incidence of this fungal infection depends on several factors, including cultivar susceptibility. Thus, the effect of C. acutatum infection in cultivars displaying different susceptibilities to this fungal disease (‘Galega Vulgar’ ‐ susceptible, ‘Cobrançosa’ ‐ moderately susceptible, ‘Picual’ ‐ tolerant) has been assessed through spectrophotometric methods and HPLC, while the FTIR spectra of the cuticles have been concomitantly registered, resorting to the ATR accessory. With the support of multivariate analysis, these spectra allowed to discriminate olives with distinct infection times, besides retrieving evidences concerning the different susceptibility of each cultivar, while these observations were reinforced by the spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Furthermore, the assessment of the phenolic profile evidenced individual compounds in the distinct cultivars, so as their variations in response to the fungal infection.     

Bacterial Photosensory Proteins and Their Role in Plant–pathogen Interactions

Light is an important environmental signal for almost all living organisms. The light perception is achieved by photoreceptor proteins. As can be observed from the great number of bacterial genomes sequenced, plant pathogenic bacteria encode for a large number of photoreceptor proteins. The physiological implications of these photoreceptors are still poorly characterized. However, recent studies revealed the participation of these photosensory proteins in the pathogenic process. Here, we summarize what is known about these proteins and their role during the virulence process, concluding that the light environment modulates the plant–pathogen interaction.     

Application of an organic–inorganic hybrid membrane for selective gold(III) permeation

An organic–inorganic hybrid membrane was synthesized and evaluated for gold(III) transport from concentrated hydrochloric acid medium. The membrane was prepared by crosslinking of hydroxy terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane in the presence of the commercial extractant Kelex 100. An optimization of the transport conditions was performed and selectivity with respect to copper(II) and zinc(II) determined. Around 70% of Au(III) was transported from an initially 10 ppm aqueous solution under optimized conditions with high selectivity towards 50 ppm of Cu(II) or 100 ppm of Zn(II) in 6 h. In addition the membrane extraction equilibrium reaction and its corresponding extraction equilibrium constant were evaluated and compared to those obtained in liquid–liquid solvent extraction. Membrane characterization was attained by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.     

The S′-convolution with singular kernels in the Euclidean case and the product domain case

We characterize those tempered distributions which are S′-convolvable with a given class of singular convolution kernels. We study both, the Euclidean case and the product domain case. In the Euclidean case, we consider a class of kernels that includes Riesz kernels, Calderón–Zygmund singular convolution kernels, finite part distributions defined by hypersingular convolution kernels, and Hörmander multipliers. In the product domain case, we consider a class of singular kernels introduced by Fefferman and Stein as a generalization of the n-dimensional Hilbert kernel.