Hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as “green” solvents were applied in this study for the microextraction of environmental samples. A series of DESs (five hydrophilic and three hydrophobic) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Physicochemical property parameters of eight DESs including water solubility, density, conductivity, and freezing point were assessed. Compared with the performance of five hydrophilic DESs in water phase, the three hydrophobic DESs were more suitable for application in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of sulfonamides in water sample. In dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction process, analytical parameters including type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, and pH of water sample were investigated. Under optimum conditions, 60 μL of hydrophobic DESs was used for extraction for 2 min in pH = 7.0 sample. The linear ranges were 0.05–5.0 μg/mL for the four sulfonamides with the correlation coefficients in the range of 0.9991–0.9999. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.0005–0.0009 μg/mL and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.0019–0.0033 μg/mL. The recoveries of the analytes of the proposed method for the spiked samples were 80.17–93.5%, with the relative standard deviation less than 6.31%. The results indicated that three hydrophobic DESs showed commendable performance for extraction of sulfonamides, and hydrophobic DES-based microextraction method was successfully applied for monitoring sulfonamides in water samples.
提出了一种利用三个CCD探测三路准直光束位置以实现被测物六自由度测量的方法.测量系统包括两部分:一个反射镜和通过连接杆连接的两个CCD为移动部分,固接在被测物上;固定部分的光源、光开关和三个光学准直器产生三路准直光束.其中两路分别投射到两个CCD上,第三路经移动部分的反射镜反射回并由第三个CCD探测.被测物发生六自由度变化时,移动部分同步变化,三个CCD探测的光斑位置也随之变化,通过特定算法可解算出被测物六自由度运动.构建了一个可以表征六自由度测量特性的四自由度测量系统.测量结果表明:在相应测量范围内,与双频激光干涉仪或光电自准直仪测量值相比,系统偏摆角最大差值为1.27,滚转角最大偏差为1.03,两个平动位移最大偏差均小于1 m. 相似文献