基于调制度比的光学三维测量轮廓术

复杂物体的快速三维测量是光学三维轮廓术的难题之一.提出了基于调制度比的光学三维测量新方法,设计了基于共轴光路的测量系统.理论分析表明,在几何光学近似下,物体表面一点调制度比的对数与该点的高度成正比,因此可以用调制度比作为物体高度的载体.通过标定建立高度与调制度比的查找表,测量时利用CCD在两个不同的位置分别获取物体表面的光栅信息,利用傅里叶变换方法计算相应物点的调制度并计算比值,根据调制度比值通过查找表得到相应物点的高度信息.该方法采用共轴光路,有效避免了阴影和遮挡问题;采用调制度比作为物体高度测量的载体,只需要两幅光栅图就可以得到物体的高度信息,具有测量快速的优点.对高为79.51 mm的台阶测量的相对误差为0.86%,实验结果证实了该方法和系统的有效性.     

On finite-time stability for nonlinear impulsive switched systems

This paper is concerned with the finite-time stability problem for switched systems subject to both nonlinear perturbation and impulse effects. The average dwell time approach, combined with the algebraic matrix theory, is utilized to derive a criterion guaranteeing that the state trajectory does not exceed a certain threshold over a pre-specified finite-time interval. The requirement that at least one subsystem should be stable to ensure asymptotic stability is no longer necessary. Moreover, the finite-time stability degree could be positive, which is a relaxed condition for asymptotic stability. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A novel overlay process for imprint lithography using load release and alignment error pre-compensation method

As a low-cost and high-efficiency alternative to conventional photolithography, imprint lithography has been paid serious attention for it can realize the pattern transfer easily and repeatedly. Even so, there is still a long way to go before this technique can be used to manufacture ICs since the layer-to-layer alignment is a main obstacle. In this paper, the pattern distortion and position shift induced by loading force and friction force are investigated and an optimized process is proposed to realize high precision overlay, in which an optimal loading force and a load release and an alignment error pre-compensation (LRAEPC) method are adopted. The optimal loading force is acquired by comparing the variety trends of the residual layer and position shift with the loading force. Using the optimal loading force, transferred patterns with proper resist thickness and the minimal distortion are achieved. In LRAEPC method, load release is used to correct the pattern distortion and to alleviate the position shift. To avoid subsequent position adjustment in the fluid after load release, the pre-compensation alignment is performed before the mold is in contact with the wafer. This process does not locate correct alignment position and there is an alignment compensation value determined by the statistical data of alignment position shift after load release. Using this pre-compensation alignment method, the correct alignment can be obtained after load release.     

Cascade controller with sliding-mode-voltage and current-mode for monolithic high frequency DC–DC converters

Modern control theories such as fuzzy control, sliding-mode control, optimal control, neural network control have been widely used in discrete-switching DC–DC converters, While they are seldom used in monolithic integration. Under parameter variation, large supply and load disturbance, high slew-rate current transient, high nonlinearity in today and future power management integrated circuits, linear control theories used in traditional monolithic DC–DC converters cannot satisfy required performance, which make it stringent to use modern control theories in monolithic DC–DC converters. This paper proposes cascade controller which consists of PWM based sliding-mode-voltage control and current-mode control for high frequency DC–DC converters. As long as the dynamic responses of the inner current loop are much faster than the outer sliding-mode-voltage loop, inner and outer loops operate in cascade-mode functionally. This work leads to an easy-to-follow design procedure to design control coefficients. To illustrate the feasibility of the scheme, a monolithic 100 MHz boost DC–DC converter using cascade controller with sliding-mode-voltage and current-mode is designed in SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS process. Several simulations are performed to validate the functionalities of the controller.     

基于信道切换的TD-SCDMA接纳控制

接纳控制最重要的目的是保证已有连接的QoS,以及满足小区规划的覆盖范围.根据TD-SCDMA负荷和BNR概念,提出了一种基于信道切换接纳控制算法,并时信道切换时上行码道的分配状况进行了分析.仿真结果表明.该算法可显著提高系统服务质量.     

基于CB220的汽车安全带自动提醒系统

在交通事故频发的今天,行车中人身安全越来越为人们所重视;汽车安全带的使用备受关注。从系统功能、硬件组成、软件流程三个部分对汽车安全带自动提醒系统的组成和工作原理作了介绍。该装置采用KMI151传感器,优于PLC器件的CUBLOC220进行研制。     

Development and application of a dispersive solid-phase extraction method for the simultaneous determination of chloroacetamide herbicide residues in soil by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)

In this study, a convenient and sensitive analytical method based on dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in tandem was developed for the simultaneous determination of six chloroacetamide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, metazachlor, butachlor and pretilachlor) in soil. Parameters that could influence the extraction efficiency such as the varieties of solvents, the amount of solvents and sorbents were investigated. The optimized extractions were performed by mixing 5.0 g of dried soil with 10.0 mL acetonitrile, 10.0 mL deionized water and 4.0 g sodium chloride, and then the extract was purified with 50.0 mg N-propyl ethylenediamine (PSA), 50.0 mg C18, 10.0 mg graphitized carbon black (GCB) and 100.0 mg MgSO₄ (5:5:1:10). At 5.0, 25.0 and 100.0 ng g^?1 fortification levels for each analyte, the average obtained recoveries ranged from 87.7% to 108.0% with relative standard deviation (RSD) between 3.8% and 10.9%. The soil matrix effect of the six compounds were lower than 11.0%. The linear relation was observed in the range of 5.0–500.0 ng g^?1 and the correlation coefficient (R²) of these compounds were higher than 0.998. The detection limits (LODs) were in the range of 0.2–1.0 ng g^?1, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.8 and 2.2 ng g^?1. Comparing with the gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), the GC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method can improve the anti-interference ability and thus get better separation of the chloroacetamide herbicides. Additionally, this method was verified to fit for soil samples with broad organic matter range (16.2 to 83.0 g kg^?1). The developed method was successfully applied for analysing 26 field soil samples collected from Dianchi lake basin in the southeast of China. About 42.0% soil samples were detected with these herbicides, of which butachlor was the most frequently detected and the highest concentration was up to 137.0 ng g^?1 in rape soil.     

基于五阶WENO格式的燃气在药床中流动过程二维两相流研究

为研究内弹道初始阶段中心点火管燃气在膛内药床中的流动特性和传播规律,设计了可视化点传火实验平台,并进行了膛内假药床的点传火实验。基于加权本质无震荡(weighted essentially non-oscillatory, WENO)格式,构造了膛内轴对称二维内弹道两相流模型,对膛内燃气在假药床中的流动过程进行数值模拟。计算结果与可视化实验结果符合较好,全局压力平均误差为5.35%。表明数值计算准确地描述了燃气流动特性,完整地呈现了点火管燃气在假药床中的发展过程。在点火初始阶段,膛内压力径向效应明显,气相沿径向传播较快,药床药粒基本不会发生运动;随着燃气逐渐在膛内传播,膛内压力呈现径向一致、轴向梯度分布的特征,在压力梯度作用下,气相轴向速度开始占据主导,径向速度在膛底和中部区域减小为零,而固相速度随气相速度变化而变化;气相在到达弹底前,由于固相颗粒的壅塞,会提前出现速度反向波动现象。     

自适应桁架形状控制中主动杆多目标最优配置

导出自适应桁架结构静态形状控制方程，这些方程在线弹性范围内适用；一般主动杆件数远小于结构杆件数目，且主动杆件的配置问题取决于控制能量和杆件强度等因素，因此基于最短行程和最小导出内力指标和模态退火组合优化算法进行了主动杆件的多目标最优配置；通过算例分析验证了本文分析方法的可行性和有效性。     

Micromechanical analysis of damage in saturated quasi brittle materials

In this paper, we propose a micromechanical analysis of damage and related inelastic deformation in saturated porous quasi brittle materials. The materials are weakened by randomly distributed microcracks and saturated by interstitial fluid with drained and undrained conditions. The emphasis is put on the closed cracks under compression-dominated stresses. The material damage is related to the frictional sliding on crack surface and described by a local scalar variable. The effective properties of the materials are determined using a linear homogenization approach, based on the extension of Eshelby’s inclusion solution to penny shaped cracks. The inelastic behavior induced by microcracks is described in the framework of the irreversible thermodynamics. As an original contribution, the potential energy of the saturated materials weakened by closed frictional microcracks is determined and formulated as a sum of an elastic part and a plastic part, the latter entirely induced by frictional sliding of microcracks. The influence of fluid pressure is accounted for in the friction criterion through the concept of local effective stress at microcracks. We show that the Biot’s effective stress controls the evolution of total strain while the local Terzaghi’s effective stress controls the evolution of plastic strain. Further, the frictional sliding between crack lips generates volumetric dilatancy and reduction in fluid pressure. Applications of the proposed model to typical brittle rocks are presented with comparisons between numerical results and experimental data in both drained and undrained triaxial tests.