Improvement of anti-oxidation capability and tribological property of arc ion plated Ag film by alloying with Cu

Ag-Cu alloy film was deposited by arc ion plating (AIP). Atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation experiments were conducted using a ground AO simulation facility. The structure, morphology, composition and tribological property of the Ag-Cu alloy film before and after AO irradiation were investigated and compared with Ag film using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and ball-on-disk tribometer, respectively. In depth XPS analysis clearly shows that the affected thickness of Ag-Cu alloy film was greatly reduced and the oxidation product was mainly Ag₂O, but AgO and Ag₂O in case of pure Ag film. As a result, the Ag-Cu alloy film exhibited better AO resistant behaviors, and showed a stable friction and low wear after the AO irradiation. The AO resistant behaviors of the Ag-Cu alloy film were discussed in terms of the film microstructure.     

In Vitro Selection of a DNA Aptamer Targeting Degraded Protein Fragments for Biosensing

Protein biomarkers often exist as degradation fragments in biological samples, and affinity agents derived using a purified protein may not recognize them, limiting their value for clinical diagnosis. Herein, we present a method to overcome this issue, by selecting aptamers against a degraded form of the toxin B protein, which is a marker for diagnosing toxigenic Clostridium difficile infections. This approach has led to isolation of a DNA aptamer that recognizes degraded toxin B, fresh toxin B, and toxin B spiked into human stool samples. DNA aptamers selected using intact recombinant toxin B failed to recognize degraded toxin B, which is the form present in stored stool samples. Using this new aptamer, we produced a simple paper‐based analytical device for colorimetric detection of toxin B in stool samples, or in the NAP1 strain of Clostridium difficile. The combined aptamer‐selection and paper‐sensing strategy can expand the practical utility of DNA aptamers in clinical diagnosis.     

Separation and Structural Characterization of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans

The present study aims to analyze the structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans (EPS2-1). For this purpose, EPS2-1 was purified through DEAE-52, Sephadex G-100, and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The structural characterization of EPS2-1 was analyzed using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results revealed that EPS2-1 is composed of mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), arabinose (Ara), and Fucose (Fuc), and possesses a molecular weight of 32.803 kDa. The backbone of EPS2-1 comprised →2)-α-D-Manp-(1→ and →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, linked with the O-6 position of (→2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→) of the main chain is branch α-D-Manp-(1→6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, linked with the O-6 positions of (→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→) of the main chain are branches →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that EPS2-1 also shows free radical scavenging activity and iron ion reducing ability. At the same time, EPS2-1 could inhibit the proliferation of MFC cells and increase the cell viability of RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggested that EPS2-1 is a novel polysaccharide, and EPS2-1 has antioxidant activity. In addition, EPS2-1 may possess potential immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. This study promoted the application of EPS2-1 as the functional ingredients in the pharmaceutical and food industries.     

基于功率流方法的多个动力吸振器的优化设计

针对附加多个动力吸振器的有阻尼单自由度系统,本文利用结构导纳理论,引入附加动力吸振器后振动系统的修正结构导纳,推导了振源输入系统的总功率流、传输到主振系的净功率流及吸振器吸收的功率流表达式,揭示了动力吸振器对系统功率流传递特性的控制机理。提出了以功率流为控制量进行动力吸振器优化设计策略,给出了动力吸振器优化参数的配置关系。     

如何发挥发烧器材应有的性能

每一位发烧友都希望自己的投入能获得预期的视觉和听觉享受,因而在决定购买器材之前都先作一系列的社会调查然后再作出决择。首先根据自己的经济能力结合实际使用需要,预计要购置多少种器材;然后详细调查这些器材的型号、性能指标、实际使用效果、设备间的合理配一K以及器材的价格,选择性能价格比高而且适合自己使用的器材。发烧友们对自己的行动计划作出如此周密的布署,按理应该取得十分满意的结果,但事实上不少人投人了大量的资金,所取得的实际效果与自己原来所要求的相距甚远。根据笔者的调查,出现这种现象的原因大多数既不是购…     

Palladium/PC-Phos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Heck/Tsuji–Trost Reactions of Amino-Tethered 1,3-Cyclohexadiene with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides

Chiral perhydroindoles are found in a number of natural products and biologically active compounds. Therefore, the development of new asymmetric methodology for rapid access to this core is of high importance. Herein, we reported a highly regio- and diastereo-selective palladium/PC-Phos-catalyzed asymmetric Heck/Tsuji–Trost reactions of readily available amino tethered 1,3-cyclohexadienes with aryl and alkenyl halides, delivering various functionalized chiral hexahydroindoles in good yields with high enantioselectivity. The application of this reaction to the concise synthesis of (−)-α-Lycorane was demonstrated. DFT computation results indicate that the difference in ΔE_dis of two migration insertion transition states determines the enantioselectivity of the reaction.     

Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Light Emission

Organic fluorophores with highly efficient luminescence in both solution and solid states have attracted significant attention due to their ability to circumvent the limitations of aggregation-caused quenching and aggregation-induced emission type molecules. However, their development and wide-range applications are hampered by extremely complex synthetic methodologies and limited frameworks with dual-state emission (DSE) structural characteristics. In sharp contrast to the reported luminogens with big and planar π systems or highly conjugated and twisted structures, we discovered novel three-dimensional scaffolds in one molecule to achieve DSE. These molecules allowing for rapid access showed completely different molecular packing manners from those of planar conjugated molecules and exhibited excellent optoelectronic properties with diminished intermolecular π−π stacking interactions due to steric hindrance. Our findings should open new avenues for designing DSE molecules with new frameworks, which will enable more successful development of dual-state emitters for their broad applications in the future.     

Mosaic CuI−CuII−InIII 2D Perovskites: Pressure-Dependence of the Intervalence Charge Transfer and a Mechanochemical Alloying Method

The perovskite (BA)₄[Cu^II(Cu^IIn^III)_0.5]Cl₈ ( 1_BA ; BA⁺=butylammonium) allows us to study the high-pressure structural, optical, and transport properties of a mixed-valence 2D perovskite. Compressing 1_BA reduces the onset energy of Cu^I/II intervalence charge transfer from 1.2 eV at ambient pressure to 0.2 eV at 21 GPa. The electronic conductivity of 1_BA increases by 4 orders of magnitude upon compression to 20 GPa, when the activation energy for conduction decreases to 0.16 eV. In contrast, Cu^II perovskites achieve similar conductivity at ≈50 GPa. The solution-state synthesis of these perovskites is complicated, with more undesirable side products likely from the precursor mixtures containing three different metal ions. To circumvent this problem, we demonstrate an efficient mechanochemical synthesis to expand this family of halide perovskites with complex composition by simply pulverizing together powders of 2D Cu^II single perovskites and Cu^IIn^III double perovskites.     

Accelerated Transfer and Spillover of Carbon Monoxide through Tandem Catalysis for Kinetics-boosted Ethylene Electrosynthesis

Cu-based catalysts have been widely applied in electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂ER) to produce multicarbon (C₂₊) feedstocks (e.g., C₂H₄). However, the high energy barriers for CO₂ activation on the Cu surface is a challenge for a high catalytic efficiency and product selectivity. Herein, we developed an in situ *CO generation and spillover strategy by engineering single Ni atoms on a pyridinic N-enriched carbon support with a sodalite (SOD) topology (Ni-SOD/NC) that acted as a donor to feed adjacent Cu nanoparticles (NPs) with *CO intermediate. As a result, a high C₂H₄ selectivity of 62.5 % and an industrial-level current density of 160 mA cm⁻² at a low potential of −0.72 V were achieved. Our studies revealed that the isolated NiN₃ active sites with adjacent pyridinic N species facilitated the *CO desorption and the massive *CO intermediate released from Ni-SOD/NC then overflowed to Cu NPs surface to enrich the *CO coverage for improving the selectivity of CO₂ER to C₂H₄.