电化学免疫分析法研究进展

电化学免疫分析法是将免疫分析与电化学分析技术相结合的一种免疫分析新方法，近十多年来，电化免疫分析的研究有了迅速的发展。本文对电化学的免疫分析法的标记物、免疫方法、电化学检测技术进行了概括总结，并展望了电化学免疫分析的发展前景。     

光解苯半醌和2-羟基-2-丙基自由基的CIDEP谱

用高时间分辨ＥＳＲ波谱仪测量了光解苯半醌和２－羟基－２－丙基自由基的ＣＩＤＥＰ谱,苯半醌自由基的ＣＩＤＥＰ属ＴＭ机理,实验研究了微波功率,溶液浓度对苯半醌自由基的ＣＩＤＥＰ谱时间演化的影响,２－羟基－２－丙基自由基的ＣＩＤＥＰ属ＲＰＭ机理,实验研究了自旋极化的生成环境。     

双马来酰亚胺增韧研究Ⅱ.链扩展双马来酰亚胺及其树脂的合成及表征

合成了一系列结构不同和链长短不一的双马来酰亚胺，并对其结构和性能作了表征，同时研究了它们的固化反应和固化产物的性能。用双马来酰亚胺和二烯丙基化合物反应制造了增韧树脂，研究了该树脂的固化和热稳定性。     

几种杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石的合成与吸附行为

柱撑水滑石类层柱状阴离子粘土是一类新型层柱材料，由于其二维孔道结构的可调变性及潜在的择形催化性能，已引起人们的重视[1-3]．迄今，人们已合成了包括无机和有机阴离子，同多和杂多阴离子（Polyoxometalates，简称POMs）以及配合物阴离子在内的多种柱撑水滑石，其中同多和     

肿瘤患者放疗前后血清八种微量元素含量的研究

对临床、病理、放射线或CT检查确诊的82名癌肿患者，在放疗前后和对42名健康人进行了微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰、硒，铬、钴、镍的分析。研究结果显示：1．癌肿患者血清铜、镍、锰、铬、钴的含量比健康人高，而血清锌、铁、硒的含量却比健康人低；2．血清Cu／Zn、Cr／Zn、Co／Zn、Ni／Zn的比值癌肿患者均比健康人高，而Fe、Zn、Se／Zn的比值却相反。因此，可根据血清铜升高、血清锌降低，血清铜／锌比值升高的特点。用于癌肿的早期诊断；3．癌肿患者放疔后血清铁、锌含量进一步下降，铜、锰、铬的含量也出现降低，唯有硒的含量有所上升。因此，放疗时应注意补充铁、锌、铜元素。     

The Heterointerface between Fe1/NC and Selenides Boosts Reversible Oxygen Electrocatalysis

The rational design and construction of efficient and inexpensive bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are highly desirable for the development of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Although single-atom Fe sites anchored on N-doped carbon catalysts (Fe₁/NC) ensure high oxygen reduction reaction activity, their unitary atomically dispersed active center faces difficult condition in catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction simultaneously. Herein, a composite catalyst containing heterointerface between Fe₁/NC and selenides ((Fe,Co)Se₂) is constructed. The obtained (Fe,Co)Se₂@Fe₁/NC exhibits extremely narrow potential gap of 0.616 V and remarkable stability in alkaline media, outperforming the benchmark catalysts (Pt/C+RuO₂: 0.720 V). Experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that heterointerface between Fe₁/NC and (Fe,Co)Se₂ accelerates the electron transfer and provides more moderate adsorption sites, which endow (Fe,Co)Se₂@Fe₁/NC with extremely high bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity. This study not only provides a superior bifunctional catalyst for ZABs, but also enriches the application of single-atom catalysts in multifunctional energy storage and conversion devices.     

Field-Induced Multiscale Polarization Configuration Transitions of Mesentropic Lead-Free Piezoceramics Achieving Giant Energy Harvesting Performance

The development of high-performance (K,Na)NbO₃ (KNN)-based lead-free piezoceramics for next-generation electronic devices is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable society. However, despite recent improvements in piezoelectric coefficients, correlating their properties to underlying multiscale structures remains a key issue for high-performance KNN-based ceramics with complex phase boundaries. Here, this study proposes a medium-entropy strategy to design “local polymorphic distortion” in conjunction with the construction of uniformly oversize grains in the newly developed KNN solid-solution, resulting in a novel large-size hierarchical domain architecture (≈0.7 µm wide). Such a structure not only facilitates polarization rotation but also ensures a large residual polarization, which significantly improves the piezoelectricity (≈3.2 times) and obtains a giant energy harvesting performance (W_out = 2.44 mW, P_D = 35.32 µW mm⁻³, outperforming most lead-free piezoceramics). This study confirms the coexistence of multiphase through the atomic-resolution polarization features and analyzes the domain/phase transition mechanisms using in situ electric field structural characterizations, revealing that the electric field induces highly effective multiscale polarization configuration transitions based on T–O–R sequential phase transitions. This study demonstrates a new strategy for designing high-performance piezoceramics and facilitates the development of lead-free piezoceramic materials in energy harvesting applications.     

Femtosecond Laser 4D Printing of Light-Driven Intelligent Micromachines

Intelligent micromachines that respond to external light stimuli have a broad range of potential applications, such as microbots, biomedicine, and adaptive optics. However, artificial light-driven intelligent micromachines with a low actuation threshold, rapid responsiveness, and designable and precise 3D transformation capability remain unachievable to date. Here, a single-material and one-step 4D printing strategy are proposed to enable the nanomanufacturing of agile and low-threshold light-driven 3D micromachines with programmable shape-morphing characteristics. The as-developed carbon nanotube-doped composite hydrogel simultaneously enhanced the light absorption, thermal conductivity, and mechanical modulus of the crosslinked network, thus significantly increasing the light sensitivity and response speed of micromachines. Moreover, the structural design and assembly of asymmetric microscale mechanical metamaterial unit cells enable the highly efficient additive nanomanufacturing of 3D shape-morphable micromachines with large dynamic modulation and spatiotemporal controllability. Using this strategy, the world's smallest artificial beating heart with programmable light-stimulus responsiveness for the cardiac cycle is successfully printed. This 4D printing method paves the way for the construction of multifunctional intelligent micromachines for bionics, drug delivery, integrated microsystems, and other fields.