空心NiCo2S4纳米球助催化剂担载ZnIn2S4纳米片用于可见光催化制氢

纳米片与空心球上之间的合理界面调控是开发高效太阳能制氢光催化剂的潜在策略。在各类光催化材料中,金属硫化物由于具有相对较窄的带隙和优越的可见光响应能力而被广泛研究。ZnIn₂S₄是一种层状的三元过渡金属半导体光催化剂,其带隙可控(约2.4 eV)。在众多金属硫化物光催化剂中,ZnIn₂S₄引起了广泛兴趣。然而,单纯的ZnIn₂S₄光催化活性仍然相对较差,主要是因为光生载流子的复合率较高、迁移速率较慢。在半导体光催化剂上负载助催化剂是提升光催化剂性能的一种有效方法,因为它不仅可以加速光生电子和空穴的分离,而且还可以降低质子还原反应的活化能。作为一种三元过渡金属硫化物,NiCo₂S₄表现出较高的导电性、较低的电负性、丰富的氧化还原特性以及优越的电催化活性。这些特性表明,NiCo₂S₄可以作为光催化制氢的助催化剂,以加速电荷分离和转移。此外,NiCo₂S₄和ZnIn₂S₄都属于三元尖晶石的晶体结构,这可能有助于构建具有紧密界面接触的NiCo₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄复合物,从而提高光催化性能。本文中,将超薄ZnIn₂S₄纳米片原位生长到非贵金属助催化剂NiCo₂S₄空心球上,形成具有强耦合界面和可见光吸收的NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄分级空心异质结构光催化剂。最优NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄复合样品(NiCo₂S₄含量：ca. 3.1%)的析氢速率高达78 μmol·h^-1,约是纳米片组装ZnIn₂S₄光催化剂析氢速率的9倍、约是1% (w, 质量分数)Pt/ZnIn₂S₄样品析氢速率的3倍。此外,该复合光催化剂在反应中表现出良好的稳定性。荧光和电化学测试结果表明,NiCo₂S₄空心球是一种有效的助催化剂,可促进光生载流子的分离和传输,并降低析氢反应的活化能。最后,提出了NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄光催化析氢的可能反应机理。在NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄复合光催化剂中,具有高导电性的NiCo₂S₄助催化剂可快速接受ZnIn₂S₄上的光生电子,用以还原质子生成氢气,而电子牺牲剂TEOA捕获光生空穴,进而完成光催化氧化还原循环。该研究有望为基于纳米片为次级结构的分级空心异质结光催化剂的设计合成及其光催化制氢研究提供一定的指导。     

Determination of 12 additives in beverages by evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets combined with liquid chromatographyEI北大核心CSCD

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 12 additives in beverages was developed using evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets EVA-DLLME-SFOcombined with high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. The samples were extracted twice with 70%V/Vmethanol aqueous solution and extracted by EVA-DLLME-SFO method after the combination of the extractsand finally determined by HPLC. Extraction parameterssuch as types and amounts of extractantevaporant and heating agentthe concentration of saltand the extraction time were optimized. Under the optimized conditionsthere were good relationships in the ange of 0.25-50 μµg/mL with the limits of detection of 1.5 to 13.6 mg/kg and limits of quantification of 5.2 to 45.3 mg/kg. The recoveries at three spiked levels1025 and 50 mg/kgwere 76.8% to 101.2% with the relative standard deviations of 0.11% to 4.7%. The method can be used for rapid detection of 12 additives in beverages. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

表面限域掺杂提升高比能正极材料稳定性

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have broad applications in a wide variety of a fields pertaining to energy storage devices. In line with the increasing demand in emerging areas such as long-range electric vehicles and smart grids, there is a continuous effort to achieve high energy by maximizing the reversible capacity of electrode materials, particularly cathode materials. However, in recent years, with the continuous enhancement of battery energy density, safety issues have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers, becoming a non-negligible factor in determining whether the electric vehicle industry has a foothold. The key issue in the development of battery systems with high specific energies is the intrinsic instability of the cathode, with the accompanying question of safety. The failure mechanism and stability of high-specific-capacity cathode materials for the next generation of LIBs, including nickel-rich cathodes, high-voltage spinel cathodes, and lithium-rich layered cathodes, have attracted extensive research attention. Systematic studies related to the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of different cathodes are crucial to elucidate the instability mechanisms of positive active materials. Factors that these studies must address include the stability under extended electrochemical cycles with respect to dissolution of metal ions in LiPF₆-based electrolytes due to HF corrosion of the electrode; cation mixing due to the similarity in radius between Li⁺ and Ni²⁺; oxygen evolution when the cathode is charged to a high voltage; the origin of cracks generated during repeated charge/discharge processes arising from the anisotropy of the cell parameters; and electrolyte decomposition when traces of water are present. Regulating the surface nanostructure and bulk crystal lattice of electrode materials is an effective way to meet the demand for cathode materials with high energy density and outstanding stability. Surface modification treatment of positive active materials can slow side reactions and the loss of active material, thereby extending the life of the cathode material and improving the safety of the battery. This review is targeted at the failure mechanisms related to the electrochemical cycle, and a synthetic strategy to ameliorate the properties of cathode surface locations, with the electrochemical performance optimized by accurate surface control. From the perspective of the main stability and safety issues of high-energy cathode materials during the electrochemical cycle, a detailed discussion is presented on the current understanding of the mechanism of performance failure. It is crucial to seek out favorable strategies in response to the failures. Considering the surface structure of the cathode in relation to the stability issue, a newly developed protocol, known as surface-localized doping, which can exist in different states to modify the surface properties of high-energy cathodes, is discussed as a means of ensuring significantly improved stability and safety. Finally, we envision the future challenges and possible research directions related to the stability control of next-generation high-energy cathode materials.     

基于创新能力培养的化学专业本科实验教学新体系的构建与实践

课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。     

基于受众的多形式多维度化学科普新模式的探索与实践*

根据化学科普现状,探索和实践了一套化学科普新模式,即:针对受众、量体裁衣、深挖项目、以点带面。以“黄金雨”科普项目为例简要介绍新模式的实施,并重点讨论了重金属的毒性以及循环回收和利用,提升大众对绿色化学、环保和可持续发展的认知。项目对不同层次人群的具体科普实践也收到了很好的反馈。     

Density functional theory study on the reaction mechanism of Ni+-catalysed cyclohexane dehydrogenation

Structural Chemistry - A detailed theoretical analysis of the mechanism of chemical bond activation in cyclohexane catalysed by the atomic transition-metal cation Ni+ was performed by density...     

Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensor for Wearable Interstitial Fluid Glucose Monitoring

We report on a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for wearable glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid. The sensor exhibited acceptable selectivity and reliability for continuous glucose detection for up to 30 days. The sensor tip is coated with polyurethane, and the biocompatibility of the tip is investigated by tissue staining. A fully integrated wearable glucose monitoring system is developed with a wireless connection with a smartphone. The test results are in agreement with reference methods. So, we believe the sensor is promising for the development of a continuous glucose monitoring system and diabetes management.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical performance of Fe-doped Co hydroxide electrode materials

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In order to meet the growing energy demand, it is of great significance to develop high-performance electrochemical energy storage materials. In this...     

基于碳点的发光材料在潜在手印显现中的应用

遗留在犯罪现场的肉眼不可见的潜在手印是一类重要的痕迹物证,检验鉴定前需要使用一定技术手段将其显现出来。近年来,一些新材料和新技术的引入为手印显现技术的革新注入了新活力,其中稀土发光材料、量子点、荧光金属纳米簇等发光材料在该领域展现出极大潜力。碳点作为具有良好光致发光性能的新型纳米材料,近来逐渐引起了手印显现领域研究人员的广泛关注。本文综述了两类基于碳点材料的手印显现技术国内外研究进展,分别是液体分散碳点用于手印显现和固态发光碳点用于手印显现。具体来说,液体分散碳点显现手印的原理主要基于传统小微粒悬浮液机理或一些特殊效应(咖啡环效应、界面偏析效应);用于手印显现的固态发光碳点包括固态碳点粉末和固态碳点复合粉末两类,合成这些材料时研究人员采用了不同的策略。最后,从三个方面分析了碳点在手印显现应用中面临的问题,即碳点物理形貌和表面性质、碳点光致发光性质以及碳点显现过程与化学生物分析兼容性,并就解决问题的可能途径提出了展望。     

自振荡凝胶的仿生运动

定向运动是生命体最基本的功能,是其进化、生存和繁衍的前提。近年来为了研究生命体的运动机制,许多人工系统被相继开发并用于模拟部分生命体的运动行为。在诸多人工仿生系统里,自振荡凝胶由于同时具有内部驱动产生动能、运动定向性、无缆化和环境自适应等性能而备受瞩目。本文介绍了自振荡凝胶仿生运动的化学-机械能转换的理论根源并综述了仿生运动模式研究近期的进展,在此基础上展望了自振荡凝胶运动研究面临的机遇、挑战和未来发展方向。