排序方式: 共有848条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Chia-Chun TsaiAuthor Vitae Chung-Chieh KuoAuthor VitaeFeng-Tzu HsuAuthor Vitae Trong-Yen LeeAuthor Vitae 《Integration, the VLSI Journal》2012,45(1):76-90
Antenna effect is a phenomenon in the plasma-based nanometer process and directly influences the manufacturing yield of VLSI circuits. Because antenna-critical metal wires have sufficient charges to damage the thin gate oxides of the clock input ports connected by a clock tree, the standard cells or IPs cannot be driven by the clock source synchronously. For a given X-architecture clock tree that connects n clock sinks, we consider the antenna effect in the clock tree and propose a discharge-path-based antenna effect detection method. To fix the antenna violations, we use the jumper insertion technique recommended by foundries. Furthermore, we integrate the layer assignment technique to reduce the inserted jumper and via counts. Differing from the existing works, the delay of vias is considered in delay calculation, and a wire sizing technique is applied for clock skew compensation after fixing the antenna violations. Experimental results on benchmarks show that our algorithm runs in O(n2) to averagely insert 48.21% less jumpers and reduce 20.35% in vias compared with other previous algorithms. Moreover, the SPICE simulation further verifies the correctness of the resulting clock tree. 相似文献
843.
Cheng Yang Madelaine E. Denno Poojan PyakurelAuthor Vitae B. Jill Venton 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
Carbon nanomaterials are advantageous for electrochemical sensors because they increase the electroactive surface area, enhance electron transfer, and promote adsorption of molecules. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been incorporated into electrochemical sensors for biomolecules and strategies have included the traditional dip coating and drop casting methods, direct growth of CNTs on electrodes and the use of CNT fibers and yarns made exclusively of CNTs. Recent research has also focused on utilizing many new types of carbon nanomaterials beyond CNTs. Forms of graphene are now increasingly popular for sensors including reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanohorns, graphene nanofoams, graphene nanorods, and graphene nanoflowers. In this review, we compare different carbon nanomaterial strategies for creating electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Analytes covered include neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, and serotonin; hydrogen peroxide; proteins, such as biomarkers; and DNA. The review also addresses enzyme-based electrodes that are used to detect non-electroactive species such as glucose, alcohols, and proteins. Finally, we analyze some of the future directions for the field, pointing out gaps in fundamental understanding of electron transfer to carbon nanomaterials and the need for more practical implementation of sensors. 相似文献
844.
Yuh-Shyan Hwang Po-Hsiang Huang Bo-Han Hwang Jiann-Jong Chen 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2009,61(3):271-278
An efficient power reduction technique for CMOS flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. The presented technique
adopts the procedure with a simple coarse comparison first followed by a finer comparison later. Our ADC design does not decrease
the total number of comparators, though it is able to reduce the power consumption. Subject to time signal controlling, the
manipulation is to interchangeably shut down the comparator sections for the coarse comparison function. Experimental results
show that this new method consumes about 48.14 mW at 400 MHz with 3.3 V supply voltage in TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4 M process. Compared
with the traditional flash ADC, our low power method can reduce up to 47.8% in power consumption. The DNL of our proposed
flash ADC is 0.5 LSB, the INL is 0.7 LSB, and the ENOB is 5.75 bits. The chip area occupies 0.4 × 0.9 mm2 without I/O pads. 相似文献
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John T. SingletonAuthor Vitae 《Tetrahedron》2003,59(11):1837-1857
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Recent applications of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and its derivatives in organic synthesis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Grzegorz Blotny Author Vitae 《Tetrahedron》2006,62(41):9507-9522
848.
Yiu-chung YipAuthor Vitae Siu-kay WongAuthor Vitae 《Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC》2011,30(4):628-640
This review evaluates commonly used methodologies for assessing the chemical purity of organic reference materials. Direct assay of the principal component can be established by methodologies such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography (LC), quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis and titrimetry. Measurements of detectable impurity components mainly include determination of water or moisture content, and analysis of residual solvents, and organic and inorganic impurities. To complete assessment of chemical purity, it is necessary to determine the enantiomeric purity of chiral organic reference materials. Promising methodologies for analysis include LC with chiral stationary phases, capillary electrophoresis using chiral selectors, and NMR with chemical-shift reagents. 相似文献