LC‐MS/MS determination of 1‐O‐acetylbritannilactone in rat plasma and its application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study

A novel, rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of 1‐O‐Acetylbritannilactone (ABL), a sesquiterpene lactone abundant in Inula britannica, was developed and validated using heteroclitin D as internal standard. Separation was achieved on a reversed phase Hypersil Gold C₁₈ column (50 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 3.0 µm) using isocratic elution with methanol–5 mM ammonium acetate buffer aqueous solution (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Calibration curve was linear (r > 0.99) in a concentration range of 1.60–800 ng/mL with the lower limit of quantification of 1.60 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were validated by relative error (RE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) values, respectively, which were both less than ±15%. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ABL in rats. The elimination half‐lives were 0.412 ± 0.068, 0.415 ± 0.092 and 0.453 ± 0.071 h after a single intravenous administration of 0.14, 0.42, and 1.26 mg/kg ABL, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable time point and from time zero to infinity and the plasma concentrations at 2 min were linearly related to the doses tested. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fe2O3-catalyzed Pummerer rearrangement of acyl chlorides and sulfoxides: Facile synthesis of alkylthiomethyl ester

A simple, effective approach for the Pummerer rearrangement of acyl chlorides with sulfoxides by using a low-cost and more abundant Fe catalyst has been described. The alkylthiomethyl ester products were prepared in good to excellent yields for a range of different substrates including asymmetrical sulfoxides and acyl chlorides with a variety of functional groups under mild reaction conditions. The reaction features short reaction time, simple manipulation, cheap reagents and a broad substrate scope. Single crystal X-ray analysis of a representative methylthiomethyl (MTM) group containing product was also reported.     

Manipulation of Training Sets for Improving Data Mining Coverage-Driven Verification

The constant pressure for making functional verification more agile has led to the conception of coverage driven verification (CDV) techniques. CDV has been implemented in verification testbenches using supervised learning techniques to model the relationship between coverage events and stimuli generation, providing a feedback between them. One commonly used technique is the classification- or decision-tree data mining, which has shown to be appropriate due to the easy modeling. Learning techniques are applied in two steps: training and application. Training is made on one or more sets of examples, which relate datasets to pre-determined classes. Precision of results by applying the predictive learning concept has shown to be sensitive to the size of the training set and the amount of imbalance of associated classes, this last meaning the number of datasets associated to each class is very different from each other. This work presents experiments on the manipulation of data mining training sets, by changing the size and reducing the imbalances, in order to check their influence on the CDV efficiency. To do that, a circuit example with a large input space and strong class imbalance was selected from the application domain of multimedia systems and another one, with a small input space that affects the coverage occurrences, was selected from the communication area.     

一类SEI传染病扩散模型及其移动边沿

该文研究一类SEI传染病模型,其中病毒在潜伏期和感染期具有感染性.首先研究固定区域上SEI偏微分方程组,考虑平衡解的局部稳定性和全局稳定性.然后重点研究相应的自由边界问题,其中自由边界表示病毒的移动边沿。给出了该问题解的全局存在性、唯一性,讨论了自由边界的性质,证明了病毒要么蔓延,要么消退.还给出了蔓延和消退的充分条件,结果表明:当有效接触率很小或平均潜伏期较短,且初始染病区域小时,疾病消退;而当有效接触率大或平均潜伏期较长,且初始染病区域大时,疾病蔓延.     

Rogue wave solutions for a generalized nonautonomous nonlinear equation in a nonlinear inhomogeneous fiber

In this paper, we investigate a generalized nonautonomous nonlinear equation which describes the ultrashort optical pulse propagating in a nonlinear inhomogeneous fiber. By virtue of the generalized Darboux transformation, the first- and second-order rogue-wave solutions for the generalized nonautonomous nonlinear equation are obtained, under some variable–coefficient constraints. Properties of the first- and second-order rogue waves are graphically presented and analyzed: When the coefficients are all chosen as the constants, we can observe the some functions, the shapes of wave crests and troughs for the first- and second-order rogue waves change. Oscillating behaviors of the first- and second-order rogue waves are observed when the coefficients are the trigonometric functions.     

一种基于北斗信号的星载双站SAR成像频率同步的方法

针对基于北斗信号的星载双站SAR成像频率同步误差,提出一种在高噪声情况下新的频率同步方法。以北斗卫星直达波信号为同步信号源建立同步通道,使用单周期积累的扩频信号优化时频捕获算法得到较精确伪码时延,在码同步后使用已知时延的多周期积累的时频捕获算法获到频率误差。连续10次计算机仿真在SNR=-50db的高噪声环境下频率误差均不超过1.5Hz。     

雪崩击穿条件下4.5kV IGBT器件的背面优化研究

The static avalanche breakdown behavior of 4.5 kV high-voltage IGBT is studied by theory analysis and experiment. The avalanche breakdown behaviors of the 4.5 kV IGBTs with different backside structures are investigated and compared by using the curve tracer. The results show that the snap back behavior of the breakdown waveform is related to the bipolar PNP gain, which leads to the deterioration of the breakdown voltage. There are two ways to optimize the backside structure, one is increasing the implant dose of the N C buffer layer, the other is decreasing the implant dose of the P C collector layer. It is found that the optimized structure is effective in suppressing the snap back behavior and improving the breakdown characteristic of high voltage IGBT.