系统级封装技术及其应用

本文介绍了系统级封装技术及其兴起背景,对比了与SoC的异同。通过分析系统级封装的技术特点,阐述了其优势;分析了系统级封装的成本构成和特点。本文从集成电路产业链整合的观点,分析了国内系统级封装的机遇与挑战;以长电科技为例,介绍了系统级封装在设计、制造上的关键技术与当前的能力,并分析了未来的趋势和挑战。本丈还对当前的系统级封装产品与应用领域做了详细介绍。     

Globally solving nonconvex quadratic programming problems with box constraints via integer programming methods

We present effective linear programming based computational techniques for solving nonconvex quadratic programs with box constraints (BoxQP). We first observe that known cutting planes obtained from the Boolean Quadric Polytope (BQP) are computationally effective at reducing the optimality gap of BoxQP. We next show that the Chvátal–Gomory closure of the BQP is given by the odd-cycle inequalities even when the underlying graph is not complete. By using these cutting planes in a spatial branch-and-cut framework, together with a common integrality-based preprocessing technique and a particular convex quadratic relaxation, we develop a solver that can effectively solve a well-known family of test instances. Our linear programming based solver is competitive with SDP-based state of the art solvers on small instances and sparse instances. Most of our computational techniques have been implemented in the recent version of CPLEX and have led to significant performance improvements on nonconvex quadratic programs with linear constraints.     

Analysis of a Class of Symmetric Equilibrium Configurations for a Territorial Model

<正>Motivated by an animal territoriality model,we consider a centroidal Voronoi tessellation algorithm from a dynamical systems perspective.In doing so,we discuss the stability of an aligned equilibrium configuration for a rectangular domain that exhibits interesting symmetry properties.We also demonstrate the procedure for performing a center manifold reduction on the system to extract a set of coordinates which capture the long term dynamics when the system is close to a bifurcation.Bifurcations of the system restricted to the center manifold are then classified and compared to numerical results.Although we analyze a specific set-up,these methods can in principle be applied to any bifurcation point of any equilibrium for any domain.     

On the Choice of Nugget in Kriging Modeling for Deterministic Computer Experiments

Kriging is commonly used for developing emulators as surrogates for computationally intensive simulations. One difficulty with kriging is the potential numerical instability in the computation of the inverse of the covariance matrix, which can lead to large variability and poor performance of the kriging predictor. First, we study some causes of ill-conditioning in kriging. We then study the use of nugget in kriging to overcome the numerical instability. Some asymptotic results on its interpolation bias and mean squared prediction errors are presented. Finally, we study the choice of the nugget parameter based on some algebraic lower bounds and use of a regularizing trace. A simulation study is performed to show the differences between kriging with and without nugget and to demonstrate the advantages of the former. This article has supplementary materials online.     

Realization of Metric Spaces as Inverse Limits, and Bilipschitz Embedding in L 1

We give sufficient conditions for a metric space to bilipschitz embed in L ₁. In particular, if X is a length space and there is a Lipschitz map ${u: X \rightarrow \mathbb R}$ such that for every interval ${I \subset \mathbb R}$ , the connected components of u ^?1(I) have diameter ${\leq {\rm const} \cdot {\rm diam}(I)}$ , then X admits a bilipschitz embedding in L ₁. As a corollary, the Laakso examples, (Geom Funct Anal 10(1):111–123, 2000), bilipschitz embed in L ₁, though they do not embed in any any Banach space with the Radon–Nikodym property (e.g. the space ? ₁ of summable sequences). The spaces appearing the statement of the bilipschitz embedding theorem have an alternate characterization as inverse limits of systems of metric graphs satisfying certain additional conditions. This representation, which may be of independent interest, is the initial part of the proof of the bilipschitz embedding theorem. The rest of the proof uses the combinatorial structure of the inverse system of graphs and a diffusion construction, to produce the embedding in L ₁.     

Integrated optoelectronic circuit forecast

A market research study was conducted, leading to a 10-year forecast of worldwide integrated optoelectronic circuit (IOEC) market and application trends. Four IOEC categories were considered: lightwave, imaging array, digital IC interface optical bus, and other devices. It was concluded that worldwide IOEC production will reach $1.71 billion by 1997. It was also concluded that lightwave IOECs will be the leading device category, with commercial communication the leading application.     

固态源输运系统推动铪基栅介质的应用

在生产中引入高介电常数绝缘材料/金属栅电极结构,需要采用全新的制造技术,前驱物和输运系统推动了铪基材料栅极绝缘层的应用。AID技术也促进了新一代栅电极材料的推广和应用。     

LabVIEW8．5为开发者带来多核处理器的强大功能

根据摩尔定律,芯片上晶体管的数目每隔18～24个月就会翻一番。如同在过去40年里一样,这个定律现在还是正确的,但是在性能上却并不再呈现一个线性增强的现象。以前,芯片制造商通过提高处理器时钟速度使芯片性能翻番——从100MHz到200MHz,直至近来达到吉赫兹。     

Nanohoop Rotaxanes from Active Metal Template Syntheses and Their Potential in Sensing Applications

The unique optoelectronic properties and smooth, rigid pores of macrocycles with radially oriented π systems render them fascinating candidates for the design of novel mechanically interlocked molecules with new properties. Two high‐yielding strategies are used to prepare nanohoop [2]rotaxanes, which owing to the π‐rich macrocycle are highly emissive. Then, metal coordination, an intrinsic property afforded by the resulting mechanical bond, can lead to molecular shuttling as well as modulate the observed fluorescence in both organic and aqueous conditions. Inspired by these findings, a self‐immolative [2]rotaxane was then designed that self‐destructs in the presence of an analyte, eliciting a strong fluorescent turn‐on response, serving as proof‐of‐concept for a new type of molecular sensing material. More broadly, this work highlights the conceptual advantages of combining compact π‐rich macrocyclic frameworks with mechanical bonds formed via active‐template syntheses.