A multilevel taxonomy and requirements for an optimal traffic‐classification model

Identifying Internet traffic applications is essential for network security and management. The steady emergence of new Internet applications, together with the use of encryption and obfuscation techniques, ensures that traffic classification remains a hot research topic. Much research has been devoted to this topic by the research community in the last decade. However, an optimal traffic classification model has yet to be defined. Many techniques and formats have been described, with the current literature therefore lacking appropriate benchmarks expressed in a consistent terminology. Moreover, existing surveys are outdated and do not include many recent advances in the field. In this article, we present a systematic multilevel taxonomy that covers a broad range of existing and recently proposed methods, together with examples of vendor classification techniques. Our taxonomy assists in defining a consistent terminology. It could be useful in future benchmarking contexts by characterizing and comparing methods at three different levels. From this perspective, we describe key features and provide design hints for future classification models, while emphasizing the main requirements for promoting future research efforts. To motivate researchers and other interested parties, we collect and share data captured from real traffic, using two models to protect data privacy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the class of disjoint limited completely continuous operators

We introduce and study new class of sets (almost L-limited sets). Also, we introduce new concept of property in Banach lattice (almost Gelfand–Phillips property) and we characterize this property using almost L-limited sets. On the other hand, we introduce the class of disjoint limited completely continuous operators which is a largest class than that of limited completely continuous operators, we characterize this class of operators and we study some of its properties.     

Mechanical and dielectric relaxations in liquid crystalline copolyesters

Dynamic mechanical measurements in tension and torsion on oriented tapes and monofilaments of a range of liquid crystalline polyesters have been combined with dielectric measurements to obtain a molecular understanding of the relaxation processes. This paper extends our previous work [1,2,3] on polyesters of hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and hydroxynaphthoic acid (HNA) to related polymers containing dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) and terephthalic acid (TPA) or biphenyl (BP) and TPA in place of the HNA. It confirms the association of the β and γ processes with naphthyl and phenyl moieties but shows that the processes cannot be due simply to the independent motions of single units.     

Oligosaccharide Analogues of Polysaccharides. Part 1. Concept and synthesis of monosaccharide-derived monomers

It is proposed to study the influence of interresidue H-bonds on the structure and properties of polysaccharides by comparing them to a series of systematically modified oligosaccharide analogues where some or all of the glycosidic O-atoms are replaced by buta-1,3-diyne-1,4-diyl groups. This group is long enough to interrupt the interresidue H-bonds, is chemically versatile, and allows a binomial synthesis. Several approaches to the simplest monomeric unit required to make analogues of cellulose are described. In the first approach, allyl α-D -galactopyranoside ( 1 ) was transformed via 2 and the tribenzyl ether 3 into the triflate 4 (Scheme 2). Substitution by cyanide (→ 5–7 ) followed by reduction with DIBAH led in high yield to the aldehyde 9 , which was transformed into the dibromoalkene 10 and the alkyne 11 following the Corey-Fuchs procedure (Scheme 3). The alkyne was deprotected via 12 or directly to the hemiacetal 13 . Oxidation to the lactone 14 , followed by addition of lithium (trimethylsilyl)acetylide Me₃SiC?CLi/CeCl₃ (→ 15 ) and reductive dehydroxylation afforded the disilylated dialkyne 16 . The large excess of Pd catalyst required for the transformation 11 → 13 was avoided by deallylating the dibromoalkene 10 (→ 17 → 18 ), followed by oxidation to the lactone 19 , addition of Me₃SiC?CLi to the anomeric hemiketals 20 (α-D /β-D 7:2), dehydroxylation to 21 , and elimination to the monosilylated dialkyne 22 (Scheme 3). In an alternative approach, treatment of the epoxide 24 (from 23 ) with Me₃SiC?CLi/Et₂AlCl according to a known procedure gave not only the alkyne 27 but also 25 , resulting from participation of the MeOCH₂O group (Scheme 4). Using Me₃Al instead of Et₂AlCl increased the yield and selectivity. Deprotection of 27 (→ 28 ), dibenzylation (→ 29 ), and acetolysis led to the diacetate 30 which was partially deacetylated (→ 31 ) and oxidized to the lactone 32 . Addition of Me₃SiC?CLi/TiCl₄ afforded the anomeric hemiketals 33 (α-D /β-D 3:2) which were deoxygenated to the dialkyne 34 . This synthesis of target monomers was shortened by treating the hydroxy acetal 36 (from 27 ) with (Me₃SiC?C)₃Al (Scheme 5): formation of the alkyne 37 (70%) by fully retentive alkynylating acetal cleavage is rationalised by postulating a participation of HOC(3). The sequence was further improved by substituting the MeOCH₂O by the (i-Pr)₃SiO group (Scheme 6); the epoxide 38 (from 23 ); yielded 85% of the alkyne 39 which was transformed, on the one hand, via 40 into the dibenzyl ether 29 , and, on the other hand, after C-desilylation (→ 41 ) into the dialkyne 42 . Finally, combined alkynylating opening of the oxirane and the 1,3-dioxolane rings of 38 with excess Et₂Al C?CSiMe₃ led directly to the monomer 43 which is thus available in two steps and 77% yield from 23 (Scheme 6).     

Determination of traces of streptomycin and related antibiotics by adsorptive stripping voltammetry

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry provides sensitive determinations of trace amounts of the saccharide-related antibiotics, streptomycin, erythromycin and novobiocin. A static mercury drop electrode is immersed in a stirred alkaline solution of the drug for a fixed time (60–300 s) at a suitable potential, and the adsorbed species is then stripped in the linear-scan or differential-pulse mode. The preconcentration potentials and stripping peak potentials (vs. Ag/AgCl) are, respectively, ?1.0 V and ?1.58 V for streptomycin, ?0.9 V and ?1.2 V for erythromycin, and ?1.0 V and ?1.38 V for novobiocin. The interfacial behavior is discussed. Short preconcentration periods suffice to quantity streptomycin, novobiocin, and erythromycin down to the 7 × 10^?10 M, 2.5 × 10^?9 M, and 1.3 × 10^?8 M levels, respectively. Streptomycin added to urine can be quantified after simple dilution.     

Stripping voltammetry of aluminum based on adsorptive accumulation of its solochrome violet RS complex at the static mercury drop electrode

A very sensitive electrochemical stripping procedure for aluminum is reported. Accumulation is achieved by controlled adsorption of the aluminum/solochrome violet RS complex on the static mercury drop electrode. Optimal experimental parameters include an accumulation potential of ?0.45 V, solochrome violet RS concentration of 1 × 10^?6 M, and a linear-scan stripping mode. The detection limit is 0.15 μg l^?1, the response is linear over the 0–30 μg l^?1 concentration range, and the relative standard deviation (at the 10 μg l^?1 level) is 2%. Most cations do not interfere in the determination of aluminum. The interference of iron(III) is eliminated by addition of ascorbic acid. Results are reported for snow samples.     

Existenz und Eindeutigkeit starker und klassischer Lösungen für inhomogene hyperbolische Differentialgleichungen im Hilbertraum

In dieser Arbeit befassen wir uns mit der inhomogenen Differentialgleichung:

$$\begin{aligned} u'(t)+A(t)u(t)+f(t)= & {} 0,\quad t\in (t_1,t_2)\\ u(t_1)= & {} \varphi \end{aligned}$$

im abstrakten Hilbertraum und weisen eindeutige starke Lösungen aus der Klasse der lipschitzstetigen Funktionen nach, falls f(t) von beschränkter Variation ist, sowie klassische Lösungen, falls f(t) zusätzlich stetig ist. Das bedeutet den Verzicht auf die bisher übliche Forderung der Lipschitzstetigkeit von f(t) für den direkten Nachweis der klassischen Lösbarkeit.

     

Dual Entwining Structures and Dual Entwined Modules

In this note we introduce and investigate the concepts of dual entwining structures and dual entwined modules. This generalizes the concepts of dual Doi–Koppinen structures and dual Doi–Koppinen modules introduced (in the infinite case over rings) by the author in his dissertation. Presented by A. VerschorenMathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 16W30, 18E15.Jawad Y. Abuhlail: Current address: Department of Mathematical Sciences, P.O. Box 5046, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.     

Cationic dyes adsorption onto high surface area ‘almond shell’ activated carbon: Kinetics,equilibrium isotherms and surface statistical modeling

Almond shell agricultural biomass was used to prepare high surface area activated carbon using potassium hydroxide as activating agent. The activated carbon (AC) was characterized using X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and Raman spectroscopy. The AC was found to have a high surface area of 2054 m² g^?1. The influence of various key parameters was evaluated on the adsorption process including contact time, adsorbent dose and solution pH. Isotherm data were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Langmuir isotherm model presented the best fit to experimental data suggesting homogeneous distribution of adsorption sites. The adsorbent demonstrated high monolayer adsorption capacity of 833.33 and 625.0 mg/g for Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet, respectively. The efficiency of the adsorption process was linked to the micro-mesoporous structure and to the availability of the surface adsorption sites. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the removal efficiency from aqueous solution.     

Validation of CFD‐CSD coupling interface methodology using commercial codes

Coupling interface between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) is required to provide exchange of information for the simulation of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) phenomena. Accuracy and consistency of information exchanged through coupling interface between the independent CFD and CSD solvers plays a central role in the simulation and prediction of FSI phenomenon, like flutter. In this paper validation of an implemented coupling interface methodology is presented for subsonic, transonic and near supersonic mach regime. The test case chosen for this purpose is the flutter of AGARD445.6 standard I‐wing weakened model configuration for subsonic to near transonic flow regime. Gambit^® and Fluent^® are used for CFD grid generation and solution of fluid dynamic equations, respectively. CSD modeling and simulation are provided by numerical time integration of modal dynamic equations derived through the finite element modeling in ANSYS^® environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.