On the Origin of the Inertial Force and Gravitation

In this paper we study the state of the art of the inertia theory, the gravity and the cosmology constant and their current open problems.     

Influence of intermolecular interactions on the formation of tetra(carbomethoxy)-tetrathiafulvalene assemblies.

We study the assemblies that tetra(carbomethoxy)tetrathiafulvalene (TCM-TTF) forms in solution and when deposited on a surface depending on intermolecular interactions and on the interactions with the substrate and the solvent. Its organization on graphite and mica substrates was studied by atomic force microscopy, and different molecular assemblies were observed depending on the prevailing interactions. The promotion of molecule-molecule interactions gave rise to the formation of molecular fibers. The investigation of the influence of the solvent-molecule interactions on TCM-TTF molecular organizations was carried out by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and a new TCM-TTF polymorph was obtained by changing the nature of the solvent. Finally, an explanation for all these phenomena, supported by computational modeling, is put forward.     

Sliding Mode Control in a Bioreactor Model

This article deals with an example of nonlinear control systems and the interlacing between a biochemical system, the mathematical model and the constrains derived from the discrete implementation of a continuous control policy. The theory is developed on a simplified model of a bioreactor to be regulated, and the sliding mode control is presented as a robust control technique. The biological interpretation of the results derived from the mathematical model is pointed out, especially of those more closely involved with the implementation, as is the case of sample period, which seems to be very enough with respect to the minimum time needed for sample analysis.     

Diazo-, azo-, and azidoazoles. VII. Imidazo[1,2-b]- versus imidazo[2,1-c]benzo-as-triazines

Treatment of 3-aminobenzo-as-triazines with bromoacetaldehyde ethylene acetal give linear tricyclic imidazobenzo-as-triazines, where 3-amino-7-methylbenzo-as-triazine 1-oxide yields the angular isomer. The structures of these compounds have been established by comparing their nmr spectra to those of pyrazolo [5,1-c]- and s-triazolo[5,1-c]benzo-as-triazines obtained form the appropriate azo derivatives by intramolecular cyclization.     

A new method for the preparation of modified oligonucleotides

[reaction-see text] N-Nitrothymidine can be transformed into a phosphoramidite building block suitable for oligonucleotide synthesis using the standard phosphite triester solid-phase approach. The N-nitrothymidine residues remain stable during the elongation cycles and react smoothly with primary amines, furnishing oligonucleotides containing N3-modified thymidines. A number of N3-substituted oligonucleotides have been prepared using this methodology, some of them incorporating aminoalkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups.     

Highly selective synthesis of 2-substituted-5-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives using a novel protected dihydroxyfumarate

A high yielding (50-96%) route to 2-substituted-5-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives has been developed using a rationally designed dihydroxyfumarate derivative. The fully unprotected pyrimidinone heterocycle was prepared in quantitative yield upon treatment with HCl.     

Diazo-, azo- et azidoazoles. III. Tautoméric azido/tétrazole dans des nouveaux azidoazoles

Some derivatives of 2-azidoimidazole and 3(5)azido-s-triazole were prepared to investigate the possibility of an azido/tetrazole equilibrium in these compounds. An explanation for observed differences in azido/tetrazole equilibrium between azole series and azine or thiazole series is suggested.