抑制光纤陀螺径向磁敏感性研究

研究了与光纤线圈平面平行的径向磁场作用下光纤陀螺的磁敏感性,分析了径向磁敏感性的主要机理是光纤扭转。基于此提出了利用补偿光纤环来抑制陀螺的径向磁敏感性的方法,通过控制补偿光纤的扭转分布特性,产生一个可控的补偿相位来抵消原有光纤环的径向磁敏感性误差。建立了补偿相位、径向磁敏感度与光纤扭转分布特性关系的数学模型,并对该模型进行了数据模拟和实验验证。通过定义补偿效能评估了径向磁敏感性的抑制效果,实验结果可以看出,径向磁敏感性补偿效能达到了63.76%,综合磁敏感性补偿效能达到了42.83%,表明该方法可以在一定程度上可以抑制光纤陀螺的径向磁敏感性。     

试论科技馆的服务对象

近十年来,我国社会、经济飞速发展,在新的时代背景下,社会和公众对科技馆的需求也发生了相应的改变。科技馆作为最主要的公益科普传播机构,其目标观众定位,不应仅锁定在“青少年”这一有限群体,而需拓展到“全民”的无限目标,从而有计划、有步骤地进行全面系统的调整和提升,以满足社会各类人群新的科普教育服务需求,切实担负起提升全民科学素养的社会职责。科技馆自身急需着手开展以“全民科普”为应对目标的新课题,从而开创科普教育的新局面,充分发挥科普资源效益,走上可持续的科学发展之路。文章对上海科技馆开馆八年来的探索尝试和积累的相关数据进行了分析和理性思考,并提出了具体的应对措施和建议。     

挠性杆弯曲刚度测量的研究

挠性杆是挠性加速度计的关键零件,本文针对挠性杆尺寸细小,难以进行弯曲刚度测量的问题进行了分析。提出了一种新的测量方法,采用视觉传感器实时自动取样并计算挠性杆单端夹持时另一端的下垂角度,进而计算挠性杆的弯曲刚度。理论计算和测试结果表明,该方法可有效解决小尺寸挠性杆弯曲刚度监测中的精度低、操作困难、效率低下等问题。     

DMF体系中Cu2O球晶的制备及形貌分析

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,通过改变铜源和表面活性剂,调控反应参数,溶剂热条件下制备了三维十字形、空心及实心的Cu₂O球晶。利用XRD、SEM等表征手段,分析探讨了工艺条件变化对Cu₂O球晶形貌的影响。研究表明,随着DMF浓度的增大,体系的还原能力增强,Cu⁺增多,溶液的过饱和度增大,Cu₂O晶体集合体形态由晶体结构控制的各向异性与对称性的球晶逐渐向各向同性球晶演变。十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)等表面活性剂有助于降低溶液的过饱和度,增加结晶质的表面扩散能力,有利于规则形态Cu₂O晶粒的形成。反应体系中,Cu(Ac)₂·H₂O水解生成的羧基与DMF中的甲酰基在高温下发生脱羧反应产生CO₂气体以及SDS发泡作用产生的气体是形成空心Cu₂O球晶的重要原因。     

The Intervention of Prebiotics on Depression via the Gut–Brain Axis

The imbalance of intestinal microbiota can cause the accumulation of endotoxin in the main circulation system of the human body, which has a great impact on human health. Increased work and life pressure have led to a rise in the number of people falling into depression, which has also reduced their quality of life. The gut–brain axis (GBA) is closely related to the pathological basis of depression, and intestinal microbiota can improve depressive symptoms through GBA. Previous studies have proven that prebiotics can modulate intestinal microbiota and thus participate in human health regulation. We reviewed the regulatory mechanism of intestinal microbiota on depression through GBA, and discussed the effects of prebiotics, including plant polysaccharides and polyphenols on the regulation of intestinal microbiota, providing new clues for the prevention and treatment of depression.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Application of Amine-Functionalized Hierarchically Micro-Mesoporous Silicon Composites for CO2 Capture in Flue Gas

An efficient CO₂ adsorbent with a hierarchically micro-mesoporous structure and a large number of amine groups was fabricated by a two-step synthesis technique. Its structural properties, surface groups, thermal stability and CO₂ adsorption performance were fully investigated. The analysis results show that the prepared CO₂ adsorbent has a specific hierarchically micro-mesoporous structure and highly uniformly dispersed amine groups that are favorable for the adsorption of CO₂. At the same time, the CO₂ adsorption capacity of the prepared adsorbent can reach a maximum of 3.32 mmol-CO₂/g-adsorbent in the actual flue gas temperature range of 303–343 K. In addition, the kinetic analysis results indicate that both the adsorption process and the desorption process have rapid adsorption/desorption rates. Finally, the fitting of the CO₂ adsorption/desorption experimental data by Avrami’s fractional kinetic model shows that the CO₂ adsorption rate is mainly controlled by the intra-particle diffusion rate, and the temperature has little effect on the adsorption rate.     

实测卫星频谱占用状态拟合与预测方法

由于在不同时间、不同空间卫星接收数据底噪是动态起伏的,传统建模固定门限的方法存在缺陷。本文在时间维度上对卫星频谱感知数据的频谱占用模型进行分析,利用自适应阈值法确定噪声门限,对卫星频谱数据进行预处理,得到卫星频谱占用长度序列。为对卫星频谱的态势进行有效的统计分析,利用泊松分布和指数分布方法对频谱占用时间长度序列的概率密度曲线进行拟合,得到了适用于卫星频谱占用时间序列的概率分布模型。基于所得的卫星频谱占用状态模型,通过两状态马尔可夫链计算出卫星信道某一频点的状态转移矩阵,从而预测出信道占用和空闲的概率。利用卫星频谱感知数据构建的数据集进行反向传播(BP)神经网络训练,预测某一频点的占用长度。通过计算BP神经网络与传统的长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络预测法的均方根误差(RMSE),得到LSTM神经网络的RMSE为2.208 1,BP神经网络的RMSE为0.172 8。评估结果表明,BP神经网络准确度高。     

气相生长氮化铝单晶的新方法

通过在钨坩埚盖开小孔的方法改变氮化铝结晶衬底上的温度场分布,在开孔处形成局部低温区;由于孔的几何尺寸的限制和氮化铝晶体生长的各向异性,开孔处的氮化铝晶体单晶化;随后,开孔处的单晶起籽晶的作用,逐渐长成较大尺寸、较高质量的氮化铝单晶.目前用该方法已经制备出直径大于2mm的氮化铝单晶体.     

Improved Stretchable and Sensitive Fe Nanowire-Based Strain Sensor by Optimizing Areal Density of Nanowire Network

Flexible strain sensors, when considering high sensitivity and a large strain range, have become a key requirement for current robotic applications. However, it is still a thorny issue to take both factors into consideration at the same time. Here, we report a sandwich-structured strain sensor based on Fe nanowires (Fe NWs) that has a high GF (37–53) while taking into account a large strain range (15–57.5%), low hysteresis (2.45%), stability, and low cost with an areal density of Fe NWs of 4.4 mg/cm². Additionally, the relationship between the contact point of the conductive network, the output resistance, and the areal density of the sensing unit is analyzed. Microscopically, the contact points of the conductive network directly affect the sensor output resistance distribution, thereby affecting the gauge factor (GF) of the sensor. Macroscopically, the areal density and the output resistivity of the strain sensor have the opposite percolation theory, which affects its linearity performance. At the same time, there is a positive correlation between the areal density and the contact point: when the stretching amount is constant, it theoretically shows that the areal density affects the GF. When the areal density reaches this percolation threshold range, the sensing performance is the best. This will lay the foundation for rapid applications in wearable robots.     

坛紫菜对干出和酸雨胁迫的生理响应

以坛紫菜为试验材料,研究不同强度酸雨(pH值分别为5.6、4.5、4.0、3.5)对坛紫菜生理特性的影响.试验中测定了坛紫菜细胞膜透性、抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素荧光参数等生理指标,以比较适当干出和完全浸泡、黑暗和光照条件下酸雨胁迫对坛紫菜生理特性的影响.结果表明:(1)经过不同方式处理的模拟酸雨处理后,适当干出处理的坛紫菜...