A fast lightweight approach to origin-destination IP traffic estimation using partial measurements

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for estimating traffic matrices. Our method, called PamTram for PArtial Measurement of TRAffic Matrices, couples lightweight origin-destination (OD) flow measurements along with a computationally lightweight algorithm for producing OD estimates. The first key aspect of our method is to actively select a small number of informative OD flows to measure in each estimation interval. To avoid the heavy computation of optimal selection, we use intuition from game theory to develop randomized selection rules, with the goals of reducing errors and adapting to traffic changes. We show that it is sufficient to measure only one flow per measurement period to drastically reduce errors-thus rendering our method lightweight in terms of measurement overhead. The second key aspect is an explanation and proof that an Iterative Proportional Fitting algorithm approximates traffic matrix estimates when the goal is a minimum mean-squared error; this makes our method lightweight in terms of computation overhead. A one-step error bound is provided for PamTram that bounds the average error for the worst scenario. We validate our method using data from Sprint's European Tier-1 IP backbone network and demonstrate its consistent improvement over previous methods.     

Electron spin resonance in the linear chain compound RbFeS2

ESR measurements have been performed in the linear chain entiferromagnet RbFeS₂ in the temperature range 100–380 K. Both the resonance field and the linewidth are found to change steadily as the temperature is increased, without any discontinuity or singularity at the transition temperature T_N = 185 K. The experimental results are compared with available data on other one-dimensional compounds.     

Molecular dynamics, density functional, ADMET predictions, virtual screening, and molecular interaction field studies for identification and evaluation of novel potential CDK2 inhibitors in cancer therapy

In this work, we have used molecular dynamics, density functional theory, virtual screening, ADMET predictions, and molecular interaction field studies to design and propose eight novel potential inhibitors of CDK2. The eight molecules proposed showed interesting structural characteristics that are required for inhibiting the CDK2 activity and show potential as drug candidates for the treatment of cancer. The parameters related to the Rule of Five were calculated, and only one of the molecules violated more than one parameter. One of the proposals and one of the drug-like compounds selected by virtual screening indicated to be promising candidates for CDK2-based cancer therapy.     

Heck couplings at room temperature in nanometer aqueous micelles

A nonionic amphiphile such as Triton X-100 or the vitamin E-based PTS, both of which form nanomicelles in water, promotes Heck cross-couplings of non-water-soluble partners at ambient temperatures. These are the first examples of Heck reactions conducted in water (as the only solvent) at room temperature.     

Copper-in-charcoal (Cu/C) promoted diaryl ether formation

Copper impregnated into charcoal efficiently catalyzes cross-couplings between aryl bromides and phenols. The etherifications were conveniently promoted by microwave heating. [structure: see text]     

Products of Linear Maps on Bialgebras,with Applications to Left Hopf Algebras and Hopf Algebroids

The Doi–Koppinen generalized smash product can be applied to linear maps on bialgebras, and we define a new associative product for linear maps on bialgebras. We comment on the applications of these products to left Hopf algebras and Hopf algebroids.     

Comparison of the electronic structure of a thermoelectric skutterudite before and after adding rattlers: an electron energy loss study

Skutterudites, with rattler atoms introduced in voids in the crystal unit cell, are promising thermoelectric materials. We modify the binary skutterudite with atomic content Co(8)P(24) in the cubic crystal unit cell by adding La as rattlers in all available voids and replacing Co by Fe to maintain charge balance, resulting in La(2)Fe(8)P(24). The intention is to leave the electronic structure unaltered while decreasing the thermal conductivity due to the presence of the rattlers. We compare the electronic structure of these two compounds by studying the L-edges of P and of the transition elements Co and Fe using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Our studies of the transition metal white lines show that the 3d electron count is similar for Co and Fe in these compounds. As elemental Fe has one electron less than Co, this supports the notion that each La atom donates three electrons. The L-edges of P in these two skutterudites are quite similar, signalling only minor differences in electronic structure. This is in reasonable agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and with our multiple scattering FEFF calculations of the near edge structure. However, our experimental plasmon energies and dielectric functions deviate considerably from predictions based on DFT calculations.     

Quadratic-linear filters for signal detection

The second-order Volterra series (quadratic-linear) filter was synthesized under three different optimization criteria for signal detection. The performance of the filters is shown to exceed that of quadratic-only or linear-only filters when the noise process is characterized by both separation in the mean and separation in variance. The applications are in object detection and image segmentation, especially in model-drive approaches to these problems. For 2-D applications, the mapping order of pixels into the signal vector is shown to have no effect on the optimality of the filters, regardless of nonlinearity