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181.
182.
Chen J.J. Gao G.-B. Chyi J.-I. Morkoc H. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》1989,36(10):2165-2172
Avalanche breakdown behavior at the collector junction of the GaAs/AlGaAs HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) has been studied. Junction breakdown characteristics displaying hard breakdown, soft breakdown, and negative resistance breakdown behavior were observed and are interpreted by analysis of localized microplasma effects, uniform microplasma-free behavior, and associated current gain measurements. Light emission from the collector-base junction of the GaAs/AlGaAs HBT was observed and used to investigate breakdown uniformity. Using a simple punchthrough breakdown model, the theoretical breakdown curves at different collector doping concentrations and thicknesses were computed and found to be in agreement with maximum breakdown voltages measured from devices displaying the most uniform junction breakdown. The serious current gain degradation of GaAs/AlGaAs HBTs at low current densities was analyzed in connection with the measurement of a large collector-emitter breakdown voltage. The unexpected functional relationship between the collector-emitter breakdown voltage and collector-base breakdown voltage is explained by the absence of a hole-feedback effect for devices not exhibiting transistor action 相似文献
183.
In recent years there has emerged significant interest in low pressure radio frequency (rf) glow discharges which are used widely particulary in IC fabrication. Various parameters of the rf glow discharge have been found to be useful for its electrical characterization; however, there is no uniformity and agreement. Extensive experimental investigations on various discharge systems have shown, that the self-bias on the rf driven electrode, the complex conductivity and the breakdown characteristic are preferable parameters of rf discharges. Advantageously the self-bias and the complex conductivity should be presented in dependence on the pressure and the applied rf voltage. The discharge current cannot be measured quite accurately due to currents via leaky capacitors and the deviations from a sinusoidal form of the current due to nonlinearities. 相似文献
184.
In this paper, we study the consistency of a variant of fractionalstep Runge–Kutta methods. These methods are designed tointegrate efficiently semi-linear multidimensional parabolicproblems by means of linearly implicit time integration processes.Such time discretization procedures are also related to a splittingof the space differential operator (or the spatial discretizationof it) as a sum of simpler linear differentialoperators and a nonlinear term. 相似文献
185.
Nagle H.T. Fritzemeier R.R. Van Well J.E. McNamer M.G. 《Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》1989,36(2):151-163
As the level of microprocessor complexity increases to several hundred thousand transistors for a single-chip machine, it is becoming very difficult to test commercially available designs to the level of fault coverage desired by some customers. In order to achieve near 100-percent coverage of single stuck-at faults, future microprocessors must be designed with special testing features (designed for testability). The authors describe the testing problem for microprocessors, including the various methods of generating test sets and their application by the user. A survey of the testability features of some of today's commercially available microprocessors is presented. Suggestions for testability features for future-generation microprocessors are also discussed 相似文献
186.
An expression is derived for the probability of error of an N th-order selection diversity system for the case where the receiver is forced to swell on one channel for several symbols before being allowed to make a decision regarding the best channel. It is found that the time-varying nature of a fading channel causes significant degradation of the probability of error when the dwell time becomes longer than about 10% of the inverse of the fading bandwidth of the channel. The onset of degradation is a function of the signal-to-noise ratio and of the order of diversity. Specific probabilities of error are calculated for differential phase-shift keyed modulation (DPSK). However, the calculations can be done for any other modulation technique 相似文献
187.
Boesch Ronald D. Magin Richard L. Franke Stevenb J. 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》1987,(11):904-907
This paper describes a design for an analog phase shifter operating at 915 MHz and suitable for use in a phased array microwave hyperthermia system. Here, the major operating constraint was minimization of amplitude variation over a 1800 phase shift, whereas previous phase shifters were designed to obtain a linear relationship between phase and control voltage. The result is a simple, inexpensive hybrid coupler phase shifter that operates over a narrow bandwidth and provides 180°of continuous phase shift with input powers up to 1 W. 相似文献
188.
The electro-optic response of ferroelectric smectic C* liquid crystals has been studied. Anomalous switching behaviour of such materials which possess a negative dielectric anisotropy has been reported. These materials show a minimum in response time at a sufficiently high field. We present results showing the dependency of this minimum upon spontaneous polarisation and the effect of AC bias. Calculations based upon the equation of motion of the director around the cone are presented which describe this effect and its dependence on the relative magnitudes of the spontaneous polarization and dielectric anisotropy of the material. Good agreement with the experimental results is found. 相似文献
189.
Two techniques for the design and fast search of a vector quantiser codebook are proposed. These classify speech data vectors according to (i) the sign and (ii) the slope between successive samples. With both techniques the performance obtained is superior to that obtained from a conventional gain/shape vector quantiser and comparable to that of a full search vector quantiser. A major attraction of both approaches is that they significantly reduce the number of computations required for the codebook search. 相似文献
190.
Blair J.D. Correale A. Jr. Cranford H.C. Dombrowski D.A. Erdelyi C.K. Hoffman C.R. Lamphere J.L. Lang K.W. Lee J.K. Mullen J.M. Norman V.R. Oakland S.F. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》1989,24(6):1647-1655
The authors describe a 9.02×9.02-mm chip built in 1-μm CMOS with two levels of metal and an additional mask level for fabricating capacitors. It contains both analog and digital circuits and has provisions for self-test. The function includes the transmitter, receiver, protocol handler, an microprocessor, as well as interfaces for RAM/ROM storage, IBM PC bus, IBM PS/2 bus, IBM 3174 bus, and Motorola 68000 bus. The physical design terrains are formed by 24K circuits of standard cell gates, a 10K-circuit equivalent hand-honed custom microprocessor, and an analog macro. The chip operates from a single 5-V supply, and the power consumption is 0.8 W nominal at 16 Mb/s. The chip can also be operated at 4 Mb/s 相似文献