Prederivations of Lie Algebras and Isometries of Bi-invariant Lie Group

Lie groups with bi-invariant semi-Riemannian metrics are considered. We study the decomposition of the algebra of prederivations of a direct sum of Lie algebras and derive some results on the isotropy group of a bi-invariant product Lie group. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that all isometries of a complex Lie group, endowed with a bi-invariant Norden metric, are holomorphic.     

Effect of the paste molding pressure on the mechanical strength of an iron oxide catalyst in the dehydrogenation of methylbutenes

The effect of the paste molding pressure on the physicomechanical and texture characteristics of catalysts was studied. An indirect criterion is suggested to evaluate the molding pressure in industrial extruders, whose optimal value ensures good physicomechanical properties of the catalysts and kinetic control over the catalyzed reaction. The results obtained were verified in paste molding on various industrial extruders, and this enabled the optimal choice of the molding equipment.     

Measuring length of business cycles across countries using a new non‐stationary unit‐root cyclical approach

This article examines the length of the cycles in the gross domestic product (GDP) real per capita series of 15 countries by means of new statistical techniques based on unit root cycles. We propose tests for unit root cycles at each of the frequencies of the process. Using this approach, we are able to approximate the number of periods per cycle. The results show that the cycles have a periodicity of approximately six years when the disturbances are white noise. However, if we permit autocorrelation, they may also occur at smaller intervals of time. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phase transformation of Ni-B, Ni-P diffusion barrier deposited electrolessly on Cu interconnect

In this paper, we report that the phase transformation of Ni-B, Ni-P diffusion barriers deposited electrolessly on Cu, for the reason that the Ni-P layer is a more effective diffusion barrier than the Ni-B layer. The Ni₃B crystallized was decomposed to Ni and B₂O₃ above 400 °C and the Ni₃P crystallized was decomposed to Ni and P₂O₅ above 600 °C respectively in Ar atmosphere. Also, the Ni₃B was decomposed to Ni and free B above 400 °C and the Ni₃P was decomposed to Ni and free P above 600 °C respectively in H₂ atmosphere. The decomposed Ni formed a solid solution with Cu. The Cu diffusion occurred above 400 °C for Ni-B layer and above 600 °C for Ni-P layer, respectively. Because the decomposition temperature of Ni-P layer is about 200 °C higher than that of Ni-B layer, the Ni-P layer is a more effective barrier for Cu than the Ni-B layer.     

The solvable radical of Sylow factorizable groups

Let G be a finite group. A complete Sylow product of G is a product of Sylow subgroups of G, one for each prime divisor of |G|. We shall call G a Sylow factorizable group if it is equal to at least one of its complete Sylow products. We prove that if G is a Sylow factorizable group then the intersection of all complete Sylow products of G is equal to the solvable radical of G. We generalize the concepts and the result to Sylow products which involve an arbitrary subset of the prime divisors of |G|. Received: 26 January 2005     

Lie algebras admitting non-singular prederivations

The aim of this paper is to prove that any real or complex Lie algebra admitting a non-singular prederivation is necessarily a nilpotent Lie algebra. As to the reciprocal statement, an example is given of a nilpotent Lie algebra with only singular prederivations.     

Remarks on a theorem of Taskinen on spaces of continuous functions

We clarify and prove in a simpler way a result of Taskinen about symmetric operators on C(Kⁿ), K an uncountable metrizable compact space. To do this we prove that, for any compact space K and any n ∈ ?, the symmetric injective n–tensor product of C(K), , is complemented in C(B_C(K)*), a result of independent interest. The techniques we develop allow us to extend the result in several directions. We also show that the hypothesis of metrizability and uncountability cannot be removed.