全文获取类型
收费全文 | 134224篇 |
免费 | 7824篇 |
国内免费 | 5917篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 49316篇 |
晶体学 | 1285篇 |
力学 | 8993篇 |
综合类 | 290篇 |
数学 | 35944篇 |
物理学 | 29811篇 |
无线电 | 22326篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 237篇 |
2023年 | 1190篇 |
2022年 | 1475篇 |
2021年 | 1862篇 |
2020年 | 1881篇 |
2019年 | 1724篇 |
2018年 | 12978篇 |
2017年 | 12582篇 |
2016年 | 8833篇 |
2015年 | 3125篇 |
2014年 | 3001篇 |
2013年 | 3606篇 |
2012年 | 8039篇 |
2011年 | 15493篇 |
2010年 | 9559篇 |
2009年 | 9593篇 |
2008年 | 10183篇 |
2007年 | 12270篇 |
2006年 | 3009篇 |
2005年 | 3737篇 |
2004年 | 3386篇 |
2003年 | 3614篇 |
2002年 | 2437篇 |
2001年 | 1422篇 |
2000年 | 1453篇 |
1999年 | 1275篇 |
1998年 | 1208篇 |
1997年 | 1049篇 |
1996年 | 1117篇 |
1995年 | 924篇 |
1994年 | 766篇 |
1993年 | 629篇 |
1992年 | 609篇 |
1991年 | 483篇 |
1990年 | 397篇 |
1989年 | 338篇 |
1988年 | 300篇 |
1987年 | 251篇 |
1986年 | 233篇 |
1985年 | 208篇 |
1984年 | 154篇 |
1983年 | 110篇 |
1982年 | 109篇 |
1981年 | 77篇 |
1980年 | 63篇 |
1979年 | 54篇 |
1914年 | 45篇 |
1912年 | 40篇 |
1909年 | 41篇 |
1908年 | 40篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
James Tanton 《Mathematical Intelligencer》2007,29(3):55-59
This column is a place for those bits of contagious mathematics that travel from person to person in the community, because
they are so elegant, suprising, or appealing that one has an urge to pass them on.
Contributions are most welcome. 相似文献
32.
An analytical expression for both band-to-band and band-trap-band indirect tunnelings is used to study the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current of MOSFETs measured before and after hot-carrier stress. The voltage and temperature dependence of GIDL are characterized. Both results show that interface traps situated near the midgap participate in the conduction of GIDL, and band-trap-band indirect tunneling could be the major mechanism. This is further supported by the fact that the percentage increase in GIDL induced by hot-carrier stress is about the same as the corresponding increase in interface-trap density. On the other hand, under low-field conditions, trap-assisted Poole–Frenkle emission dominates over tunneling for temperatures even well below room temperature. 相似文献
33.
34.
It is demonstrated for the first time that long nanowires with radii as small as 30 nm can be manufactured with a conventional coupler fabrication rig. The temporal deterioration of nanowire optical properties has been studied and correlated with its mechanical behaviour. The original transmission properties have been restored by a post-fabrication treatment. 相似文献
35.
Ten-user truly asynchronous gigabit OCDMA transmission experiment with a 511-chip SSFBG en/decoder 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Hamanaka T. Xu Wang Naoya Wada Nishiki A. Kitayama K. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2006,24(1):95-102
A ten-user truly asynchronous gigabit coherent-optical-code-division-multiple-access (OCDMA) transmission was experimentally demonstrated without using any timing coordination. The enabling technologies are a record-length 511-chip superstructured-fiber-Bragg-grating (SSFBG) en/decoder and a supercontinuum (SC)-based optical-thresholding technique to significantly suppress the signal interference beat noise as well as the multiple-access-interference (MAI) noise. 相似文献
36.
J. P. S. Farinha J. M. G. Martinho H. Xu M. A. Winnik R. P. Quirk 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1994,32(9):1635-1642
Cyclization of a polystyrene chain (Mn = 10,600; Mw/Mn = 1.09) both ends labeled with 4-(1-pyrenyl)butanoamide groups was studied in cyclohexane between 25 and 95°C. The amide groups (peptide bonds) at both ends can form an intrachain hydrogen bond between the amide hydrogen at one chain end and the carbonyl oxygen at the other. The presence of two sets of conformers, random coils, and chains cyclized through hydrogen bonding, complicates the data analysis. The pyrene excimer kinetics of this polymer is well described by a model composed of two monomers (hydrogen bonded and nonbonded chains) and one excimer, in equilibrium. The cyclization rate constant for hydrogen-bonded chains is larger than the one for nonhydrogen-bonded chains. The pyrene excimer binding energy (ca. 1.6 kcal/mol) is lower than the published value for nonhydrogen-bonded chains (~ 9 kcal/mol), suggesting that intrachain hydrogen bonding hinders the stabilization of the excimer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
37.
O. Maksimov P. Fisher M. Skowronski P.A. Salvador M. Snyder J. Xu X. Weng 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2008,310(11):2760-2766
MgO films were grown on (0 0 1) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The crystalline structures of these films were investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Growth temperature was varied from 350 to 550 °C, with crystalline quality being improved at higher temperatures. The MgO films had a domain structure: (1 1 1)[1 1 2¯]MgO(0 0 1)[1 0 0]YSZ with four twin variants related by a 90° in-plane rotation about the [1 1 1]MgO axis. The observed epitaxial orientation was compared to previous reports of films grown by pulsed laser deposition and sputtering and explained as resulting in the lowest interface energy. 相似文献
38.
The shock structure problem is one of the classical problems of fluid mechanics and at least for non-reacting dilute gases it has been considered essentially solved. Here we present a few recent findings, to show that this is not the case. There are still new physical effects to be discovered provided that the numerical technique is general enough to not rule them out a priori. While the results have been obtained for dense fluids, some of the effects might also be observable for shocks in dilute gases. 相似文献
39.
It is shown that time-dependent temperatures in a transient, conductive system can be approximately modeled by a fractional-order
differential equation, the order of which depends on the Biot number. This approximation is particularly suitable for complex
shapes for which a first-principles approach is too difficult or computationally time-consuming. Analytical solutions of these
equations can be written in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function. The approximation is especially useful if a suitable fractional-order
controller is to be designed for the system. 相似文献
40.
In this paper, a projection method is presented for solving the flow problems in domains with moving boundaries. In order to track the movement of the domain boundaries, arbitrary‐Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) co‐ordinates are used. The unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on the ALE co‐ordinates are solved by using a projection method developed in this paper. This projection method is based on the Bell's Godunov‐projection method. However, substantial changes are made so that this algorithm is capable of solving the ALE form of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Multi‐block structured grids are used to discretize the flow domains. The grid velocity is not explicitly computed; instead the volume change is used to account for the effect of grid movement. A new method is also proposed to compute the freestream capturing metrics so that the geometric conservation law (GCL) can be satisfied exactly in this algorithm. This projection method is also parallelized so that the state of the art high performance computers can be used to match the computation cost associated with the moving grid calculations. Several test cases are solved to verify the performance of this moving‐grid projection method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 相似文献