微小型四旋翼无人机研究进展及关键技术浅析

随着嵌入式处理器、微传感器技术和控制理论的发展和成熟,微小型四旋翼无人机逐步向高效、多功能化方向发展,并广泛应用于军事、民用、以及科学研究等多个领域。首先,从原型研发、平台集成和商业化应用3个方面介绍了目前国内外在该领域最新的研究情况。结合四旋翼无人机的特点,着重分析了微型机电系统、空气动力学设计、非线性系统建模以及飞行控制等关键技术。最后,在国内外研究进展和关键技术分析的基础上,指出了未来四旋翼无人机技术发展趋势。     

光纤水听器时分复用系统通过3×3耦合器信号解调的一种新算法

提出了在光纤水听器时分复用系统中采用3×3耦合器解调信号的一种新算法。在该方案中,光纤水听器仍为2×2耦合器结构,3×3耦合器作为匹配干涉仪,利用其三路输出的线性组合和数字反正切技术实现信号解调,解调中使用的参数通过奇异值分解和椭圆拟合得到。该方案不需要载波调制,可实现光纤水听器近似等臂干涉,有利于抑制系统相位噪声。算法的运算量小且适用于一般的非对称3×3耦合器,解调的动态范围很大。最终利用该方案实现了两路光纤水听器时分复用的实验系统,在1 kHz时,系统的噪声本底为31μrad/Hz,动态范围超过125 dB,串扰小于64 dB。     

用时延估计法提高光纤光栅中心波长检测精度

提出将雷达、声呐领域中的时延估计算法用于均匀应变场或温度场中任意形状的光栅反射谱中心波长的检测.分析了信噪比(SNR)对不同形状反射谱进行峰值提取的影响.分析结果表明,对均匀周期的单模光纤布拉格光栅,其长度越长,折射率变化越大,峰值检测受信噪比影响也越严重;实验结果表明,与常规算法相比,采用时延估计中的相位谱法进行中心波长偏移量的提取,估计精度不受波长扫描精度的限制,对噪声造成的中心波长随机漂移有很好的抑制作用,而且无需对反射谱的形状进行假设与曲线拟合,计算量小,检测精度可达到皮米量级.     

光子晶体垂直腔面发射激光器的研究进展

单模垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)具有低功耗、小发散角、高调制带宽和易于二维集成等优点,在光互连、光存储、高速激光打印和长波通讯等方向有着很好的应用前景。调节VCSEL顶部和底部反射层的结构可以很容易地实现单纵模条件,然而要实现横向单模输出,就要同时对出射光加以横向限制。在VCSEL的顶部反射层刻蚀出二维光子晶体结构构成的光子晶体VCSEL实现了稳定的单横模激光输出。介绍了光子晶体VCSEL的基本结构、工作原理、研究进展和应用领域,并探讨了如何使光子晶体VCSEL获得更高的出光功率、控制激光偏振特性和减小发散角等问题。最后评述了光子晶体VCSEL的国内研究现状,并对未来的研究做了展望。     

基于卫星和集群通信的渔船组网技术与应用

渔业公司船多且作业队伍不固定,通过在每艘船上加装卫星通信终端来解决远洋宽带通信问题成本很高。根据船队分为指挥船与任务船两类,出海作业时每组由一艘指挥船带领若干任务船的特点,在指挥中心和指挥船之间建立卫星通信网络,在指挥船和任务船之间建立移动宽带多媒体通信网络,并辅以组播、路由自动切换等策略。建成后的系统可实现任意船只之间以及船与指挥中心间的宽带互联互通,指挥船与任务船随机组队时,链路可自适应,系统无需重新配置,指挥船与任务船间宽带通信距离大于20 km。该系统可大大降低渔业公司远洋宽带通信网络的建设成本与运营成本。     

The vibroacoustic response and sound absorption performance of multilayer,microperforated rib-stiffened plates

The vibroacoustic response and sound absorption performance of a structure composed of multilayer plates and one rigid back wall are theoretically analyzed. In this structure, all plates are two-dimensional, microperforated, and periodically rib-stiffened. To investigate such a structural system, semianalytical models of one-layer and multilayer plate structures considering the vibration effects are first developed. Then approaches of the space harmonic method and Fourier transforms are applied to a one-layer plate, and finally the cascade connection method is utilized for a multilayer plate structure. Based on fundamental acoustic formulas,the vibroacoustic responses of microperforated stiffened plates are expressed as functions of a series of harmonic amplitudes of plate displacement, which are then solved by employing the numerical truncation method. Applying the inverse Fourier transform, wave propagation, and linear addition properties, the equations of the sound pressures and absorption coefficients for the one-layer and multilayer stiffened plates in physical space are finally derived. Using numerical examples, the effects of the most important physical parameters—for example, the perforation ratio of the plate, sound incident angles, and periodical rib spacing—on sound absorption performance are examined. Numerical results indicate that the sound absorption performance of the studied structure is effectively enhanced by the flexural vibration of the plate in water.Finally,the proposed approaches are validated by comparing the results of stiffened plates of the present work with solutions from previous studies.     

Controllable Stiffness Origami “Skeletons” for Lightweight and Multifunctional Artificial Muscles

Flexible, material‐based, artificial muscles enable compliant and safe technologies for human–machine interaction devices and adaptive soft robots, yet there remain long‐term challenges in the development of artificial muscles capable of mimicking flexible, controllable, and multifunctional human activity. Inspired by human limb's activity strategy, combining muscles' adjustable stiffness and joints' origami folding, controllable stiffness origami “skeletons,” which are created by laminar jamming and origami folding of multiple layers of flexible sandpaper, are embedded into a common monofunctional vacuumed‐powered cube‐shaped (CUBE) artificial muscle, thereby enabling the monofunctional CUBE artificial muscle to achieve lightweight and multifunctionality as well as controllable force/motion output without sacrificing its volume and shape. Successful demonstrations of arms self‐assembly and cooperatively gripping different objects and a “caterpillar” robot climbing different pipes illustrate high operational redundancy and high‐force output through “building blocks” assembly of multifunctional CUBE artificial muscles. Controllable stiffness origami “skeletons” offer a facile and low‐cost strategy to fabricate lightweight and multifunctional artificial muscles for numerous potential applications such as wearable assistant devices, miniature surgical instruments, and soft robots.     

抽运调制条件下超窄线宽掺铒光纤环形激光器的跳模特性研究

搭建了基于光纤迈克耳孙干涉仪的跳模检测系统,对抽运调制条件下的超窄线宽掺铒光纤环形激光器的跳模特性进行了实验研究,测量了由抽运电流标定的表征跳模规律的跳模数据图。结果表明,随着抽运电流的不断增加,激光器先后经历模式稳定区、模式非稳区以及多纵模区三种状态;存在第二抽运阈值,当抽运强度超过这一阈值时激光器由单纵模跳变为非稳定的多纵模。掺铒光纤环形激光器的谐振腔因抽运热效应或外界扰动而变化时,会引发频率漂移与连续跳模现象。     

Scattering of Gaussian beam by a spherical particle with a spheroidal inclusion

A generalized Lorenz-Mie theory framework (GLMT) is applied to the study of Gaussian beam scattering by a spherical particle with an embedded spheroid at the center. By virtue of a transformation between the spherical and spheroidal vector wave functions, a theoretical procedure is developed to deal with the boundary conditions. Numerical results of the normalized differential scattering cross section are presented.