Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

We focus on one critical issue in mobile ad hoc networks that is multicast routing. Advantages and limitations of existing routing protocols are illustrated. Optimal routes, stable links, power conservation, loop freedom, and reduced channel overhead are the main features to be addressed in a more efficient mechanism. In this paper, we propose a new on-demand multicast routing protocol, named Source Routing-based Multicast Protocol (SRMP). Our proposition addresses two important issues in solving routing problems: (i) path availability concept, and (ii) higher battery life paths. SRMP applies a source routing mechanism, and constructs a mesh to connect group members. It provides stable paths based on links' availability according to future prediction of links' states, and higher battery life paths. This protocol succeeded to minimize network load via designing optimal routes that guarantee reliable transmission and active adaptability. A performance comparison study with On-demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and Adaptive Demand-driven Multicast Routing (ADMR) protocol is undertaken. Analysis results show the strength of the SRMP nodes' selection criteria and its efficient energy consumption compared to the other two protocols.     

缺氧对大鼠心肌细胞色素氧化酶的影响——超微酶学图象分析

大鼠10只,分实验组(6只)和对照组(4只)。实验组大鼠(每次2只)置入密封玻璃容器内(容积5500ml),同时放入钠石灰100g,90分钟后杀死取左心室外侧壁作超微细胞色素氧化酶观察,并以正常大鼠作对照。对两组动物各50个线粒体的细胞色素氧化酶有关参数进行图象分析处理。结果表明,缺氧组动物心肌线粒体细胞色素氧化酶活性明显减弱。     

Sloshing behavior of a magnetic fluid in a cylindrical container

 Sloshing of a magnetic fluid in a laterally vibrated cylindrical container subject to a non-uniform vertical magnetic field was examined. Internal velocity profiles were measured using ultrasound Doppler velocimetry. The effect of the magnetic field on the resonant frequency of the fluid–container system was examined and the results were compared with theoretical results. The second and third peaks of the power spectra of velocity shifted to lower frequencies as the magnetic field was increased. It was observed that these derived frequency peaks were connected with swirling in the cylindrical container. Received: 9 May 2000 / Accepted: 29 May 2001 Published online: 29 November 2001     

Exploring physical features of anisotropic quark stars in Brans-Dicke theory with a massive scalar field via embedding approach

The main aim of this study is to explore the existence and salient features of spherically symmetric relativistic quark stars in the background of massive Brans-Dicke gravity. The exact solutions to the modified Einstein field equations are derived for specific forms of coupling and scalar field functions using the equation of state relating to the strange quark matter that stimulates the phenomenological MIT-Bag model as a free Fermi gas of quarks. We use a well-behaved function along with the Karmarkar condition for class-one embedding as well as junction conditions to determine the unknown metric tensors. The radii of strange compact stars viz., PSR J1416-2230, PSR J1903+327, 4U 1820-30, CenX-3, and EXO1785-248, are predicted via their observed mass for different values of the massive Brans-Dicke parameters. We explore the influences of the mass of scalar field \begin{document}$m_{\phi}$\end{document}, coupling parameter \begin{document}$\omega_{\rm BD}$\end{document}, and bag constant \begin{document}${\cal{B}}$\end{document} on state determinants and perform several tests on the viability and stability of the constructed stellar model. Conclusively, we find that our stellar system is physically viable and stable as it satisfies all the energy conditions and necessary stability criteria under the influence of a gravitational scalar field.     

Unified scheme for correlations using linear relative entropy

A linearized variant of relative entropy is used to quantify in a unified scheme the different kinds of correlations in a bipartite quantum system. As illustration, we consider a two-qubit state with parity and exchange symmetries for which we determine the total, classical and quantum correlations. We also give the explicit expressions of its closest product state, closest classical state and the corresponding closest product state. A closed additive relation, involving the various correlations quantified by linear relative entropy, is derived.     

Ab initio calculation of the elastic properties and the lattice dynamics of the AlAs x Sb1−x alloy under pressure

The lattice dynamics and the elastic properties of the ternary AlAs _x Sb_1?x alloy have been studied using the density-functional perturbation theory within the local density approximation and employing the virtual-crystal approximation. We study the variation of the optical phonon frequencies (ω_TO and ω_LO), the high-frequency (?_∞) and static (?₀) dielectric coefficients, the dynamic effective charge (Z*) and the elastic constants (C ₁₁, C ₁₂, C ₄₄) as a function of the composition (x) and the pressure. We have also predicted the behavior of the optical and acoustical phonons with composition x at the X and L high symmetry points under pressure and determined the Grüneisen parameter. We have found that no mechanical instabilities are associated with the structural transition at high pressures for all compositions.     

Quantum encoding based on optical phase states and mutually unbiased bases in the presence of several eavesdroppers

We investigate quantum key distribution where information is carried by a d-level optical quantum system. The sender uses the mutually unbiased bases generated from the phase states of the quantum system. We consider the effects of several intercept and resend attacks. We derive explicitly the mutual information between the legitimate parties as well as the mutual information between the sender and the different eavesdroppers in the communication channel. We discuss the security of the cryptographic scheme and present some numerical analysis.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-graft-Poly(Acrylamide-co-Crotonic Acid) Hydrogel: Matrix for Ammonium Nitrate Release,as Agrochemical

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - In this work, acrylamide (AAm) and crotonic acid (CA) were grafted onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution at...