Over GHz electrical circuit model of a high-density multiple line grid array (MLGA) interposer

The multiple line grid array (MLGA) interposer was recently introduced as a future high-density high-speed bonding method. In this paper, we introduce an electrical model and high-frequency characteristics of the MLGA interposer. The high-frequency electrical model was extracted from microwave S-parameter measurements up to 20 GHz as well as from fundamental microwave network analysis. For the parameter fitting process during model extraction, an optimization method was used. Several different types of MLGA interposers were designed, assembled and tested. The test vehicles contained coplanar waveguides, probing pads and an MLGA interposer structure. The height of the MLGA, the conductor shape inside the MLGA, and the dielectric insulator of the MLGA were varied. From the model, an MLGA with a height of 0.4 mm and a polymer dielectric insulator was found to have 203 pH of self inductance, 49 pH of mutual inductance with the nearest ground conductor line, and 186 fF of mutual capacitance. By reducing the height of the MLGA and by using an insulator with a lower dielectric constant, parasitic inductance and capacitance is further reduced. TDR/TDT simulation and measurement showed the validity of the extracted model parameters of the MLGA interposer. Circuit simulation based on the extracted model revealed that the MLGA interposer could be successfully used for microwave device packages up to 20 GHz and for high-speed digital device packages with a clock cycle up to 5 GHz.     

Pseudorandomness of Basic Structures in the Block Cipher KASUMI

The notion of pseudorandomness is the theoretical foundation on which to consider the soundness of a basic structure used in some block ciphers. We examine the pseudorandomness of the block cipher KASUMI, which will be used in the next‐generation cellular phones. First, we prove that the four‐round unbalanced MISTY‐type transformation is pseudorandom in order to illustrate the pseudorandomness of the inside round function FI of KASUMI under an adaptive distinguisher model. Second, we show that the three‐round KASUMI‐like structure is not pseudorandom but the four‐round KASUMI‐like structure is pseudorandom under a non‐adaptive distinguisher model.     

Impedance matching by series condensers for power receivers of in vivo robotic capsules

An impedance matching technique using series condensers for the power receivers of in vivo robotic capsules is proposed. The power delivery function of the condenser ratio and its optimal ratio are derived. Experimental results validate the derived function.     

Application of Automatic Chromatic Dispersion Compensation for Realization of All-Optical Network

We have studied the algorithm for the automatic chromatic dispersion compensation using bit error rate (BER) and Q-factor optimization for realization of dynamically reconfigurable all-optical network. We have made sure good performance using the compensation system by laboratory experiments.     

Motion based object tracking with mobile camera

An efficient algorithm which detects and tracks a moving object is proposed. The global motion energy caused by camera movement is eliminated by finding the maximal matching position with the cross-correlation value between two consecutive frames using the spiral scanning technique. The region of a moving object is segmented exactly by combining the results of the temporal derivatives and edge map from one image, and the actual centroid of the moving object is determined as the mid-point of the cumulative distribution of the projection profile of the region     

Structural basis for inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases by Keggin compounds phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of receptor-like, and cytoplasmic enzymes, which catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues in a variety of receptors and signaling molecules. Together with protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), PTPs are critically involved in regulating many cellular signaling processes. In this study, diverse compounds were screened for PTP inhibition and selectively screened for inhibitors with the end product inhibition properties. Among phosphate analogues and their derivatives for PTP inhibition, Keggin compounds phosphomolybdate (PM) and phosphotungstate (PT) strongly inhibited both PTP-1B and SHP-1, with K(i) values of 0.06-1.2 micromM in the presence of EDTA. Unlike the vanadium compounds, inhibition potencies of PM and PT were not significantly affected by EDTA. PM and PT were potent, competitive inhibitors for PTPs, but relatively poor inhibitors of Ser/Thr phosphatase. Interestingly, PM and PT did not inhibit alkaline phosphatase at all. The crystal structure of PTP-1B in complex with PM, at 2.0 A resolution, reveals that MoO(3), derived from PM by hydrolysis, binds at the active site. The molybdenium atom of the inhibitor is coordinated with six ligands: three oxo-ligands, two apical water molecules and a S atom of the catalytic cysteine residue. In support of the crystallographic finding, we observed that molybdenium oxides (MoO(3), MoO(2), and MoO(2)Cl(2)) inhibited PTP-1B with IC(50) in the range 5-15 micromM.     

Analysis of transient membrane protein interactions by single-molecule diffusional mobility shift assay

Various repertoires of membrane protein interactions determine cellular responses to diverse environments around cells dynamically in space and time. Current assays, however, have limitations in unraveling these interactions in the physiological states in a living cell due to the lack of capability to probe the transient nature of these interactions on the crowded membrane. Here, we present a simple and robust assay that enables the investigation of transient protein interactions in living cells by using the single-molecule diffusional mobility shift assay (smDIMSA). Utilizing smDIMSA, we uncovered the interaction profile of EGFR with various membrane proteins and demonstrated the promiscuity of these interactions depending on the cancer cell line. The transient interaction profile obtained by smDIMSA will provide critical information to comprehend the crosstalk among various receptors on the plasma membrane.Subject terms: Fluorescence imaging, Super-resolution microscopy, Single-molecule biophysics