MIM隧道结的电子输运特性和发光研究

论述作为一种新型发光器件的ＭＩＭ隧道结的发光机理，报告了该器件的发光现象和Ｉ－Ｖ特性曲线中负阻现象的实验观察。数据显示，结中表面等离极化激元（ＳＰＰ）与粗糙度的耦合是引起光发射的主要方面，ＳＰＰ对隧穿电子的阻塞作用导致了电子输运中的负阻现象。此外，还观察到了直接辐射的紫外峰。     

四个麦芽品质性状的杂种优势和相关分析

本文对四个主要麦芽品质性状—a一淀粉酶活力、麦芽汁粘度、麦芽汁色度和搪化力进行了杂种优势和相关分析.(1)相对优势结果表明，在84个组合次中，呈正向优势的46个，占54.76男，负向优势34个，占40.48男，无显性4个，占4.75男;(2)四个品质性状的中亲优势平均值分别为一6.117、一9.965 40.452和一。.545s a-淀粉酶活力和糖化力的超高亲优势分别为一14.578和一8.201,麦芽汁粘度和色度的超低亲优势分别为5.442和70.455.四个性状杂种优势的变异系数均很大.(3)麦芽汁色度的F，对MP的回归系数(B)和相关系数(r)均达显著水平，分别为。..43和0.50，麦芽汁粘度的相关系数达显著水平，为一。.45,其余均未达显著水平，(4)除麦芽汁色度性状外，另三个性状的中亲优势、超亲优势和特殊配合力的相关均达显著或极显著水平.(5)四个麦芽品质性状间的相关结果表明，仅有a-淀粉酶活力和麦芽汁粘度间呈极显著负相关(r=一0.56').最后，文章根据实验结果，就啤酒大麦麦芽品质改良的遗传育种及其杂种优势应用进行了初步讨论.     

Nitroazines. 20. Simple syntheses of nitropyrazolopyridines from aliphatic nitrosynthons and aminopyrazoles

Two variants of a synthesis for nitropyrazolopyridines from aminopyrazoles and two- or three-carbon nitrosynthons are examined.For Communication 19 see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1560–1564, November, 1992.     

A quantum chaotic clock and damping of the coherent nuclear rotation in the 28 Si +64 Ni dissipative collision

We employ the statistical reactions with memory approach to study oscillating excitation functions in the ²⁸ Si(E _lab = 120–126.75 MeV)+⁶⁴ Ni strongly dissipative reaction and the time evolution of the collision process. The nonself-averaging of the oscillations in the excitation functions is interpreted as indication of quantum chaos and damping of the coherent nuclear rotation in dissipative heavy-ion collisions.     

Optical quenching of the magnetoplastic effect in NaCl crystals

Observations indicate that illuminating NaCl crystals by ultraviolet light (λ=350 nm) suppresses the magnetoplastic effect. The processes induced by illumination take place in a subsystem of point defects and are related to a change in the state of magnetically sensitive dislocation pinning sites. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1389–1391 (1996)     

Torque sensorless control in multidegree-of-freedom manipulator

A torque sensorless control for a multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator is described. In the method, two disturbance observers are applied to each joint. One is used to realize a robust motion controller. The other is used to obtain a sensorless torque controller. A robust acceleration controller based on the disturbance observer is shown. To obtain the sensorless torque control, it is necessary to calculate the reaction torque when the mechanical system performs a force task. The calculation method for the reaction torque is explained. Then the method is expanded to workspace force control in the multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator. Several experimental results are shown to confirm the validity of the proposed sensorless force controller     

Synthesis of grafted poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene) with energy donor–acceptor architecture via atom transfer radical polymerization: Towards nonaggregating and hole‐facilitating light‐emitting material

In this contribution, we demonstrate a new effective methodology for constructing highly efficient and durable poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) containing emissive material with nonaggregating and hole‐facilitating properties through the introduction of hole‐transporting blocks into the PPE system as the grafting coils as well as building the energy donor–acceptor architecture between the grafting coils and the PPE backbone. Poly(2‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl methacrylate) (PCzEMA), herein, is chosen as the hole‐transporting blocks, and incorporated into the PPE system as the grafting coils via atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the resultant copolymer, PPE‐g‐PCzEMA, was characterized by NMR and gel permeation chromatography, showing that the desirable copolymer was obtained with the narrow polydispersity. The increased thermal stability of PPE‐g‐PCzEMA was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry along with its macroinitiator. The optoelectronic properties of this copolymer were studied in detail by ultraviolet‐visible absorption, photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra, and cyclic voltammogram (CV). The results indicate that PPE‐g‐PCzEMA exhibits the solid‐state luminescent property dominated by individual lumophores, and also the energy transfer process from the PCzEMA blocks to the PPE backbone with a relatively higher energy transfer efficiency in the solid‐state compared to that of the solution state. Additionally, the hole‐injection property is greatly facilitated due to the presence of PCzEMA, as confirmed by CV profiles. All these data indicate that PPE‐g‐PCzEMA is a good candidate for use in optoelectronic devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3776–3787, 2007     

Synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) copolymers

A new biodegradable starch graft copolymer, starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one), was synthesized through the ring‐opening graft polymerization of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one onto a starch backbone. The grafting reactions were conducted with various 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one/starch feed ratios to obtain starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) copolymers with various poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) graft structures. The microstructure of starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) was characterized in detail with one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The effect of the feed composition on the resulting microstructure of starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) was investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3417–3422, 2004