Correction: Phytol-based novel adjuvants in vaccine formulation: 1. assessment of safety and efficacy during stimulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

This is a correction article.     

Control of high common mode voltage during transthoracicdefibrillation

A high common mode voltage (V_cm) relative to earth ground is produced on the myocardium during the delivery of a defibrillator pulse and can generate a differential error signal when potential gradients are recorded with bipolar electrodes and isolation amplifiers. The error signal is proportional to V_cm, and therefore, a reduction in V_cm improves the accuracy of the potential gradient data. Experiments were conducted on 5 dogs to determine whether V_cm can be controlled using a bridge circuit. The bridge circuit consisted of a 5 kΩ power rheostat in parallel with the transthoracic resistance of the dog. The variable contact of the rheostat was connected to earth ground, and by adjusting the rheostat, V_cm on the myocardium could be varied. In each dog, 20 A shocks were delivered through stainless steel transthoracic electrodes. Point contact electrodes sutured to the epicardium were used to measure V_cm. It was determined that V_cm could be reduced to approximately zero at a given electrode on the heart. In addition, for the 5 dogs studied, the maximum measured V_cm on the heart was only 10% of the transthoracic voltage when the bridge circuit was balanced for an interior point in the heart     

A new millimeter-wave step-frequency radar sensor for distancemeasurement

A new compact millimeter-wave distance-measurement sensor prototype has been developed. The sensor is a step-frequency radar implemented using coherent heterodyne technique. It operates in Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) and is realized using MICs and MMICs. The sensor transmits sinusoidal signals of incremental frequencies and demodulates the received signals into base-band I/Q signals for processing. Experimental results show that the sensor is capable of measuring distance with less than 0.2 inch of absolute error and a low transmitted power of only -20±3 dBm     

Computation of the average power pattern of a reflector antennawith random surface errors and misalignment errors

To specify manufacturing tolerances of a reflector antenna, various errors such as random surface errors and misalignment errors must be considered at one time because superposition of the effects of those errors may not hold. Based on the Rahmat-Samii's formulation (1983), a method for computing efficiently the average power pattern of a reflector antenna with those errors is presented. Simulation results show that superposition of the effects of errors does not generally hold and demonstrate how those errors degrade the peak-gain and sidelobe levels     

Preparation of enantiomerically pure (R)-2-butyryloxymethylglycidol by lipase-catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis

Optically active epoxy alcohol, (R)-2-butyryloxymethylglycidol3 which is the precursor of a tert-alcohol chiral building block was obtained in high enantiomeric purity, 98.7% e.e., by lipase-catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis using a phosphate buffer and organic co-solvent system in 95% of chemical yield.     

Topology design and bridge-capacity assignment for interconnecting token ring LANs: A simulated annealing approach

We address the problem of determining the topology and bridge-capacity assignments for a network connecting a number of token rings via source-routing bridges. The objective is to minimize the cost of bridge installations while meeting the network users' performance requirements. The problem is modeled as a mixed 0–1 integer program. A comparison is given between two solution algorithms: a simulated annealing algorithm using the flow-deviation algorithm for each routing subproblem, and a drop algorithm using the simplex method for the same subproblems to provide benchmark solutions. In the former algorithm, the routing subproblem is formulated as a nonlinear program with penalty functions to model node and link capacity constraints, and in the latter as a multicommodity flow model with the same capacity constraints. Computational results show that the simulated-annealing/flow-deviation algorithm produced substantially better solutions than the LP-based drop algorithm.     

Precipitation and characterization of uniform submicrometer lead titanate particles. Part II: Reaction mechanism

The chemical mechanism of the precipitation of lead titanium peroxohydroxide particles in a solution of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) complexes of lead and titanium peroxo-hydroxide is envisioned as the interaction between cations of lead hydroxide and anions of polymeric titanium peroxo-hydroxide.     

Reduction of loading effect by tungsten etchback in a magneticallyenhanced reactive ion etcher

The plug loading effect occurring during the etchback of tungsten was investigated in a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher using SF ₆/Ar mixtures. It was found that while the plug loading effect is independent of varying SF₆/Ar flow rate ratio and magnetic field intensity, it is reduced under the condition of high selectivity of tungsten relative to TiN which was achieved at high chamber pressure and low RF power. It is proposed that when TiN is used as a glue layer, the W etch rate enhancement in the plug is mainly controlled by a local loading effect. Under the optimized etchback conditions the plug loss was successfully controlled without the tungsten residue left on severe topology     

Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from an Eccentric Multilayered Sphere

An exact analytic solution of a plane electromagnetic (EM) wave scattered by an eccentric multilayered sphere (EMS) is obtained. It is assumed that the layers are perfect dielectrics and that the innermost core is a perfectly conducting sphere. Each center of a layer is translated along the incident axis. All fields are expanded in terms of the spherical vector wave functions with unknown expansion coefficients. The addition theorem for spherical wave functions is used prior to applying the boundary conditions. The unknown coefficients are determined by solving a system of linear equations derived from the boundary conditions. Numerical results of the scattering cross sections are presented on the plane of φ=0 degrees and φ=90 degrees. The convergence of modal solutions and the characteristics of patterns are examined with various geometries and permittivity distributions