Object-motion measurements using pulse-echo acoustical speckle and two-dimensional correlation

A basic theory of acoustical speckle and cross-correlation is described which utilizes the ubiquitous wave characteristics in ultrasonics. A computer-based pulse-echo system has been developed. It is interfaced to a VAX11/780 computer which operates the system and performs the data analysis. Data from three tests using specimens of steel, aluminum and Plexiglas are discussed. On each specimen, a pulse-echo scan of a scattering surface is made over some area which represents reference configuration. After the surface is displaced, a pulse-echo scan is made over the same area. A small region of the displaced configuration is correlated with the reference as a measure of object motion.     

Kinetics of hydrolysis of some new heterocyclic azomethines

Kinetics of base hydrolysis of new heterocyclic azomethines derived from active methyl quaternary salts and aromatic nitroso compounds were investigated in the presence of 70% (wt/wt) water-methanol. The base hydrolysis of these compounds is strictly first-order with respect to OH^– and azomethine. The rate determining step is suggested to be the attack of the hydroxide ion on the free base. Effects of water content and nature of organic hydroxylic solvent have been studied. It is concluded that specific solute-solvent interactions through dispersion forces play a major role in the base hydrolysis rate of the azomethines investigated. The effect of pH (2.98 – 12.24) on hydrolysis rates of compounds having a diethylamino substituent in the presence of 30% methanol has been studied. In acidic media, the rate determining step is probably the water attack on the protonated substrate.     

Investigation of the effect of the added mass fluctuation and lateral vibration absorbers on the vertical nonlinear vibrations of the offshore wind turbine

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this article, the effects of the changes in the mass of the floating wind turbine (as a multi-body system) on its nonlinear vertical vibrations are investigated. The...     

A convenient synthesis of 5‐alkylthio‐3,4‐diarylisoxazoles by palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions

Palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction was found effective for rapid access to pharmacologically interesting 3,4‐diarylisoxazoles derivatives as selective COX‐2 inhibitors. Thus, the coupling reaction between 5‐alkylthio‐3‐aryl‐4‐iodoisoxazoles and arylboronic acids afforded the target 5‐alkylthio‐3,4‐diarylisoxazoles in good yields.     

Investigation of the effect of SSP in stabilizing the structure of condensation polymer blends via rheological measurements

We investigated the influence of solid-state polymerization (SSP) process on the reactions that could be taken place at the interphase of polycondensation polymer blends to stabilize the structure obtained after melt mixing. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide 66 (PA66) were melt blended in a mixer, and subsequent SSP process was performed for each sample. FTIR spectra indicated reactions between two polymers. Viscosity behavior and interfacial slip were investigated by measuring shear viscosity of components and blends before and after SSP and then compared with the viscosity calculated from the log-additivity model. The results showed that after SSP, there was no sign of interfacial slip, the slope of viscosity reduction with increasing shear rate became smaller, and the viscosity of blends showed positive deviation at all examined shear rate from the log-additivity model while this deviation was negative at higher shear rate before SSP. SEM micrographs, which were taken after shear stress was imposed on the samples, also indicated the morphological stability after SSP. Furthermore, we studied the effect of functional groups concentration on the reactions at the interphase by using hydrolyzed PET as a precursor for blends. The results showed that slip at the interface would decrease with increasing functional groups of the precursors. These results are particularly valuable for using recycled polymers.     

Analytical parametric study of bi-linear hysteretic model of dry friction under harmonic,impulse and random excitations

Hysteretic behavior due to some nonlinear sources is a common phenomenon in many dynamical systems. One of the sources of this behavior in mechanical systems is dry friction. Dry friction in bolted or riveted joints of mechanical structures makes their dynamic behavior hysteretic. Bi-linear hysteresis is one of the models that can be used to study these systems which is used in this paper. A SDOF system containing a bi-linear hysteretic element called Jenkins element under harmonic, impulse and random excitations is considered. For all three types of excitations, the effects of system and excitation parameters on the defined equivalent system parameters and the response specifications are studied. Harmonic balance method is employed for harmonic excitation studies, and optimum friction threshold for minimizing response amplitude is obtained versus other system parameters and response amplitude. Energy balance method is used for impulse excitation through which the desired decaying ratio can be achieved by tuning the friction threshold, depending on stiffness ratio. System under random excitation is investigated by equivalent linearization technique in two steps. At the first step, equivalent properties are obtained versus instantaneous amplitude of response. In this step, the paper contains the parametric study of system in which the variations of equivalent parameters are described when physical parameters of system or input intensity vary. Overall variance of system response is determined in the second step, and optimum sliding threshold is obtained to have minimum overall variance of system response.     

Nonlinear study of the dynamic behavior of a string-beam coupled system under combined excitations

In this paper,the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a string-beam coupled system subjected to external,parametric and tuned excitations is presented.The governing equations of motion are obtained for the nonlinear transverse vibrations of the string-beam coupled system which are described by a set of ordinary differential equations with two degrees of freedom.The case of 1:1 internal resonance between the modes of the beam and string,and the primary and combined resonance for the beam is considered.The method of multiple scales is utilized to analyze the nonlinear responses of the string-beam coupled system and obtain approximate solutions up to and including the second-order approximations.All resonance cases are extracted and investigated.Stability of the system is studied using frequency response equations and the phase-plane method.Numerical solutions are carried out and the results are presented graphically and discussed.The effects of the different parameters on both response and stability of the system are investigated.The reported results are compared to the available published work.