丙烷脱氢制丙烯研究进展

介绍了丙烷脱氢制丙烯的研究现状。包括丙烷催化脱氢的热力学、脱氢技术丙烷在膜反应器中脱氢及以氧气和二氧化碳作氧化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢。     

Solid state reactions of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (II)

Solid state Michael addition reaction of indole with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was carried out, by which a series of compounds containing three different heterocyclic groups binding to one carbon atom were ob-tained. In the presence of Lewis acid, indole could undergo the solid state condensation reaction with aromatic ketones and aldehydes or quinones. The solid state reaction showed higher selectivity and yield than solution reaction. The structures of products were identified by IR,¹H NMR, MS. elemental analysis and X-ray crystal analysis. The reac-tion mechanism was also proposed. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

在盐的水溶液中非电解质活度系数的研究(Ⅺ)——正丙酸和正丁酸在苯和盐水溶液间的分配

在25℃下分别测定正丙酸和正丁酸在苯相和纯水相中的分配比,以及在苯相和盐水溶液中的分配比,从而求出酸的活度系数。所用的盐有氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化锶、氯化钡、溴化锂、溴化钠、溴化钾等八种。对弱酸算出了未解离部分的活度系数。在所用盐浓度(0-1mol/l)范围内,作lgf_u-C_s图,都呈直线。比较直线的斜率,对正丙酸为:SrCl₂>BaCl₂>LiCl≈NaCl>LiBr≈NaBr>KCl>KBr。对正了酸为:SrCl₂>BaCl₂>NaCl≈LiC₁>NaBr≈KCl≈LiBr>KBr.指出小离子盐对小脂肪酸盐效应主要是静电力作用。     

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of amphiphiles partitioning behavior in desiccation-tolerant moss during dehydration

Desiccation tolerance is a crucial characteristic for desert moss surviving in arid regions. Desiccation procedure always induces amphiphiles transferring from the polar cytoplasm into lipid bodies. The behavior of amphiphiles transferring can contribute to the enhancement of desiccation tolerance and the reduction of plasma membrane integrity simultaneously. The effects of amphiphiles partitioning into the lipid phase during water loss has been studied for pollen and seeds using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. However, desiccation-tolerant high plants occur among mosses, several angiosperms and higher plants seeds or pollens. They have different strategies for survival in dehydration and rehydration. A desiccation-tolerant moss Tortula desertorum was used to investigate the behaviors of amphiphilic molecules during drying by spin label technology. There are small amount of amphiphilic probes partitioning into membrane during moss leaves dehydration, comparing with that in higher plants. Cytoplasm viscosity changed from 1.14 into glass state only dehydration less than 60 min. Moss leaves lost plasma membrane integrity slightly, from 0.115 to 0.237, occurred simultaneously with amphiphiles partition. The results showed the more advantages of mosses than higher plants in adapting fast dehydration. We propose that EPR spin label is feasible for studying the amphiphiles partitioning mechanisms in membrane protection and damage for desiccation-tolerant mosses.     

过氧化氢在乙酸均相体系中对壳聚糖的降解

为制备分子量较低的可溶于水的壳低聚糖,研究了在乙酸均相体系中过氧化氢氧化降解壳聚糖的过程,采用凝胶渗透色谱法跟踪测定了壳聚糖氧化降解过程中分子量及其分布的变化,探索制备不同分子量壳低聚糖的适宜条件。     

水热合成MoO3纳米带的生长机理研究

以离子交换法制备的氧化钼溶胶为前驱体，在水热条件下制备了单晶MoO₃纳米带，对样品进行了XRD、SEM和TEM分析。通过考察水热反应温度和时间对产物结构和形貌的影响，结合材料热力学和动力学理论，探讨了MoO₃纳米带在水热条件下的生长机理。离子交换法制备的溶胶在水热条件下首先转变为热力学亚稳相h-MoO₃六角柱，随着温度的升高和时间的延长，h-MoO₃按照溶解-重结晶过程转变为稳定相α-MoO₃纳米带。     

三种化学方法合成K0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的机理比较

采用溶胶-凝胶法、水热法和溶胶-凝胶-水热法三种化学方法合成K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (KBT)无铅压电陶瓷粉体. 用X射线衍射(XRD)分析产物的结构, 用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察产物的形貌. 实验结果表明, 三种化学方法均可获得纯钙钛矿相KBT粉体, 但不同工艺获得的粉体在形貌和生成机制上有很大的不同. 溶胶-凝胶法属高温固相扩散机制, 需要700 ℃以上温度煅烧才可获得KBT纯相, 且粉体颗粒度大、团聚严重. 水热法符合溶解-结晶机制, 生长出四方形的KBT纳米片. 溶胶-凝胶-水热法利用了凝胶团聚体空间链状结构的模板作用, 通过原位结晶机制生长出KBT纳米线.     

由3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸根和1,10-邻菲啰啉构筑的一维链状铅(II)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及电化学性质

Pb(OAc)₂•3H₂O, 3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸钠以及1,10-邻菲啰啉在甲醇中反应得到了铅的配位聚合物: [Pb(m-OOCCH＝C(CH₃)Fc)(m₂-OOCCH＝C(CH₃)Fc)(phen)]_n (Fc＝(h⁵-C₅H₅)Fe(h⁵-C₅H₄); phen＝1,10-邻菲啰啉). 单晶测试表明: 每个铅离子为六配位, 其中4个氧原子来自4个3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸根, 另2个氮原子来自邻菲啰啉; 相邻的铅离子通过3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸根的单齿和双齿氧原子桥连形成了一个无限的一维长链. 研究了标题化合物在DMF溶液中的电化学性能.     

355 nm光作用下C6F6-HNO2水溶液的反应机理

利用激光闪光光解-瞬态吸收光谱技术研究了355 nm 光作用下六氟苯(C6F6)-HNO2水溶液的反应机理, 探讨了中间产物及其动力学行为, 并对终产物进行了分析. 实验表明, C6F6可与HNO2光解产生的OH自由基反应生成加合物C6F6…OH, 二级反应速率常数为1.8×109 L·mol -1·s-1, 加合物吸收峰位置在250、270和400 nm处; C6F6…OH 加合物通过消除反应生成C6F5O·, 其表观生成常数为6.1×105 s-1. C6F6…OH与O2复合转化为C6F6OHO2, 二级反应速率常数为2.8×106 L·mol-1·s-1, C6F6OHO2峰位置与C6F6…OH 加合物相似. 终产物分析表明, OH自由基与六氟苯发生消除HF的反应而生成C6F5OH, 有O2时, 还产生四氟醌C6F4O2, 但无论有氧还是无氧体系, 均不发生硝基化反应.     

罗布泊地区环境样品中的放射性检测

随着核能的开发应用,研究环境中铀、钍、钾等长寿命放射性核素的放射性水平,对保护公众安全和生态环境具有重要意义。采用中子活化分析方法,对罗布泊地区环境样品作了放射性检测。根据该样品的比活度以及该样品的元素丰度与中国大陆地壳元素丰度的比较,表明罗布泊地区的地质放射性无明显的放射性异常,并可以作为建筑材料使用,符合GB6566-2001标准。