1,3-丙二硫醇替代试剂1-（1,3-二噻-2-亚基）丙酮的缩硫醛/酮化反应

通过易制备的3-(1,3-二噻-2-亚基)-2,4-戊二酮(1b)在酸性条件下的脱乙酰化反应制得1-(1,3-二噻-2-亚基)丙酮(1f),产率为86%. 在MeCOCl/MeOH体系中,常温或回流条件下,化合物1f能作为有效的1,3-丙二硫醇替代试剂与醛和酮进行缩硫醛/酮化反应,高产率(86%～99%)合成1,3-二噻烷衍生物. 与已报道的替代试剂2-(2,4-二氯-1,4-戊二烯-3-亚基)-1,3-二噻烷(1a)、3-(1,3-二噻-2-亚基)-2,4-戊二酮(1b)、2-(1,3-二噻-2-亚基)-3-羰基丁酸甲酯(1c)、2-(1,3-二噻-2-亚基)-3-羰基丁酰胺(1d)和2-(1,3-二噻-2-亚基)-3-羰基丁酸(1e)相比,化合物1f是活性最好的1,3-丙二硫醇替代试剂.     

万寿菊不同部位挥发性化学成分比较研究

通过分析不同部位万寿菊挥发性化学成分,为万寿菊的开发利用提供实验依据.采用同时蒸馏.萃取法(SDE)提取不同部位万寿菊挥发油,气相色谱法分离,质谱法鉴定结构.结果表明万寿菊花、叶、茎挥发油的含量分别为3.7%、3.5%和2.9%.在花、叶和茎挥发油中分别鉴定出40、33和35种化学成分.万寿菊不同部位挥发油的含量及其化学成分存在一定的差异,其中万寿菊花挥发油的含量最高,万寿菊花、叶、茎挥发油中柠檬烯、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯.3-醇、1-环己基-2.甲基-丙烯-2-酮和3-甲基-6-(1-甲乙基)-2-环己烯-1-酮含量较高.     

硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯与聚乙烯接枝共聚物的制备与表征

以聚氧乙烯为起始原料,合成了一系列硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯及其丙烯酸酯,用FTIR和1H NMR测试技术对其结构进行了表征,用最大气泡法测定了其表面张力.以其作为接枝单体,利用反应挤出接枝方法制备了系列功能化聚乙烯,用FTIR确定了接枝共聚物的结构和接枝率;用DSC、接触角测量仪对接枝共聚物的热性能、结晶行为和表面性质进行了测试分析.结果表明,含有不同分子量(200、600、1 000、2 000和6 000)聚氧乙烯的硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯的表面张力分别为30.19、32.22、35.30、38.39和43.37 mN/m;相应的聚乙烯接枝共聚物的结晶温度分别为109.30、109.08、110.18、109.74和109.74℃,水接触角分别为81.060、70.100、72.25°、76.加.和95.55°.随着聚氧乙烯分子量的增加,表面活性剂的表面活性降低;聚乙烯接枝共聚物的结晶温度高于线形低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE,T.=104.95℃),且其亲水性得到改善(纯聚乙烯的水接触角103°).     

液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定冬青芽中的脱落酸

建立了测定植物中痕量脱落酸 (ABA) 的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱联用分析方法. 植物提取液先采用固相萃取 (SPE) 富集脱落酸并消除基体干扰, 然后以C18柱为固定相, V(甲醇)∶V(2 g/L甲酸水溶液)＝50∶50为流动相分离脱落酸. 电喷雾(ESI)串联质谱采用负离子模式. 选择反应监测 (SRM) 模式用于脱落酸定量, 选择的离子对是263→153, 219. 脱落酸的线性范围为0.005～10 μg/mL, 检测限 (S/N=3) 为0.003 μg/mL, 加标0.02 μg和0.05 μg的回收率分别为98.3% 和103.5%. 该方法用于冬青芽中脱落酸的分析, 结果表明所建立的SPE-LC-MS/MS方法对于分析植物中的痕量脱落酸是有效的.     

小分子亲水有机溶剂液-液萃取技术在分析化学中的应用进展

介绍了小分子亲水有机溶剂液-液萃取技术的基本原理、影响因素并对小分子亲水有机溶剂液-液萃取技术的发展前景进行了展望,引用文献20篇.     

气浮浮选分离富集-紫外分光光度法测定水中痕量强力霉素

水样中痕量的强力霉素(DXCC)用正丙醇及无水乙醇(4+1)作混合溶剂,从pH 8的溶液中进行气浮浮选使之分离并富集.加入氯化钠作为分相剂,加入铁(HI)使与DXCC反应生成憎水的络合物而浮选入有机相,在383 am波长处测定有机相的吸光度.吸光度与DXCC浓度在3.1×10-7～2.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为2.6×10-7mol·L-1,测定中采用自制的气浮浮选装置.应用所提出的方法分析了3种不同来源的水样,并以此样品作为基体用标准加入法对方法的回收率进行了测定,测得方法的平均回收率为99.7%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2.5%.     

活性炭负载纳米TiO_2光催化降解甲醛废水研究

甲醛对人和温血动物的毒性很强,如果人类长期饮用被甲醛污染的水源,会引发头昏、贫血以及各种神经系统疾病.为此,研究学者对甲醛废水的处理进行了很多的试验研究.目前处理甲醛废水的主要方法有:芬顿法、光催化氧化法、湿式氧化处理等高级氧化技术,二氧化氯法,蒸汽吹脱法,氧化吸附法,SBR工艺等.     

落叶松与白桦树中微量及稀土元素的ICP-MS检测方法研究

利用微波消解法处理植物灰分样品,讨论了混合酸组成、混酸配比、固液比和微波消解时间对样品制备结果的影响.优选微波消解方案:微波压力(MPa)0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0,消解时间(min)4、3、3、10的微波程序,混合酸体系HNO3-HCl-HF-HClO4(体积比为6 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 1).在此条件下, 进行了方法准确度实验和测量结果重复性实验, 该方法经植物国家标准物质(GBW07603)验证,微量元素测试结果的相对误差为1.06% ～5.60%,相对标准偏差为0.87% ～5.25%;稀土元素测试结果的相对误差为1.82% ～10.2%,相对标准偏差为2.14% ～8.00%.应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定植物灰分中21种微量元素和15种稀土元素.结果表明, 微波消解法处理植物灰分样品, 具有快速、简便、节省试剂、消解完全等特点, 测定结果的准确度和精密度令人满意.     

Preparation of alumina-coated magnetite nanoparticle for extraction of trimethoprim from environmental water samples based on mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction

In this study, a new type of alumina-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ NPs) modified by the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been successfully synthesized and applied for extraction of trimethoprim (TMP) from environmental water samples based on mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction (MHSPE). The coating of alumina on Fe₃O₄ NPs not only avoids the dissolving of Fe₃O₄ NPs in acidic solution, but also extends their application without sacrificing their unique magnetization characteristics. Due to the high surface area of these new sorbents and the excellent adsorption capacity after surface modification by SDS, satisfactory concentration factor and extraction recoveries can be produced with only 0.1 g Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ NPs. Main factors affecting the adsolubilization of TMP such as the amount of SDS, pH value, standing time, desorption solvent and maximal extraction volume were optimized. Under the selected conditions, TMP could be quantitatively extracted. The recoveries of TMP by analyzing the four spiked water samples were between 67 and 86%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 2 to 6%. Detection and quantification limits of the proposed method were 0.09 and 0.24 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Concentration factor of 1000 was achieved using this method to extract 500 mL of different environmental water samples. Compared with conventional SPE methods, the advantages of this new Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ NPs MHSPE method still include easy preparation and regeneration of sorbents, short times of sample pretreatment, high extraction yields, and high breakthrough volumes. It shows great analytical potential in preconcentration of organic compounds from large volume water samples.     

Pervaporation separation of n-heptane/thiophene mixtures by polyethylene glycol membranes: Modeling and experimental

Gasoline desulfurization by membrane processes is a newly emerged technology, which has provided an efficient new approach for sulfur removal and gained increasing attention of the membrane and petrochemical field. A deep understanding of the solution/diffusion of gasoline molecules on/in the membrane can provide helpful information in improving or optimizing membrane performance. In this study, a desulfurization mechanism of polyethylene glycol (PEG) membranes has been investigated by the study of sorption and diffusion behavior of typical sulfur and hydrocarbon species through PEG membranes. A solution–diffusion model based on UNIFAC and free volume theory has been established. Pervaporation (PV) and sorption experiments were conducted to compare with the model calculation results and to analyze the mass transport behavior. The dynamic sorption curves for pure components and the sorption experiments for binary mixtures showed that thiophene, which had a higher solubility coefficient than n-heptane, was the preferential sorption component, which is key in the separation of thiophene/hydrocarbon mixtures. In all cases, the model calculation results fit well the experimental data. The UNIFAC model was a sound way to predict the solubility of solvents in membranes. The established model can predict the removal of thiophene species from hydrocarbon compounds by PEG membranes effectively.